免耕坐水播种技术的研究

对2BQMS-2型免耕坐水播种机的田间作业情况进行了实测，包括作业前后土壤含水率和坚实度的变化、播种作业的质量及坐水播种影响的对比分析等。试验分析表明：大力发展和推广免耕坐水播种技术具有重要意义，是一条在有限水资源利用基础上大范围发展高效节水型农业的有效途径，对我国农业的可持续发展、生态环境的保护和农民负担的减轻都具有重要的现实意义。     

玉米保护性耕作技术及机具分析

为提高辽宁省的玉米产量,在介绍玉米保护性技术内容的基础上,介绍免耕少耕、免耕播种、药剂灭草、玉米秸秆还田等保护性耕作技术,探讨适用于辽宁地区的相关机具,为在辽宁地区的玉米种植中应用保护性耕作技术提供参考。     

免耕直播晚稻的品种与播种量效应研究

对杂交稻金优928和常规稻品系A进行播种量为每公顷30kg、60kg、90kg、120kg、150kg和180kg的免耕直播试验,研究两品种（系）的播量效应：结果表明,随着播种量的增加,两品种（系）的生育期缩短,成秧率、株高、叶龄、分蘖率、结实率下降;金优928最佳播种量为每公顷30kg,品系A播种量以每公顷60-90kg为宜,在适宜播种量范围内,金优928的产量优于品系A。     

长期免耕对褐土理化性质和酶活性的影响

以山西省临汾市尧都区机械化保护性耕作试验示范区的褐土为研究对象,对连续17年免耕、12年免耕和传统耕作条件下土壤进行对比分析,研究了长期免耕对褐土理化性质和酶活性的影响.结果表明:①17年免耕和12年免耕土壤(0～20 cm)有机质分别比传统耕作处理土壤提高35.7%、26.7%,达极显著差异水平;②17年免耕处理土壤...     

Evaluation of precision land leveling and double zero-till systems in the rice–wheat rotation: Water use, productivity, profitability and soil physical properties

In recent years conventional production technologies in the rice–wheat (RW) system have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labour. Conservation agriculture (CA)-based resource-conserving technologies (RCTs) vis-à-vis zero-till (ZT), raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice (DSR) have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. The integration of CA-based RCTs with precision agriculture (PA)-based technologies in a systems perspective could provide a better option for sustainable RW production systems. In this study we attempted to evaluate conservation and precision agriculture (CPA)-based RCTs as a double-ZT system integrated with laser-assisted precision land leveling (PLL) in the RW system. A field experiment was conducted in the western IGP for 2 years to evaluate various tillage and crop establishment methods under PLL and traditional land leveling (TLL) practices to improve water productivity, economic profitability and soil physical quality. Irrespective of tillage and crop establishment methods (TCE), PLL improved RW system productivity by 7.4% in year 2 as compared to traditional land leveling. Total irrigation water savings under PLL versus TLL were 12–14% in rice and 10–13% in wheat. PLL improved RW system profitability by US$113 ha⁻¹ (year 1) to $175 ha⁻¹ (year 2). Yields were higher in conventionally transplanted rice followed by direct-drill-seeded rice after ZT. In wheat, yields were higher in ZT when followed by DSR than in the conventional-till (CT) system. RW system productivity under double ZT was equivalent to that of the conventional method. Among different TCE, conventional puddled-transplanted rice-CT wheat required 12–33% more water than other TCE techniques. Compared with CT systems, double ZT consumed 12–20% less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. The CT system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance in 10–15 and 15–20 cm soil layers due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation (>0.25 mm) were higher under permanent beds and double ZT and lower in the CT system. Under CT, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under double no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under double ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the RW system, CPA-based RCTs could be more viable options: however, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies.     

玉米整秸覆盖下小麦免耕播种技术研究与试验

为解决我国华北一年两熟区冬小麦保护性耕作的问题,进行了在玉米整秸覆盖下的小麦免耕播种试验。在60cm的夏玉米种植行距内,将玉米秸秆整株压倒和梳顺,覆盖于玉米行上的20cm内,采用所研制的4JS-2型玉米秸秆梳压机和2BMF-6型小麦全免耕播种机组在玉米行间免耕播种小麦,机组的作业动力与费用比传统的深耕、旋耕作业动力和费用分别减少了67.7%～73.7%和41.1%～48.7%,节水保墒效应为150～300m3/hm2,配套增加播种量和增施底化肥的比例等技术措施的实施可实现小麦高产。     

不同时期套种绿肥对免耕春小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响

为探明不同时期套种绿肥对免耕春小麦生长发育及产量形成的影响,试验以免耕春小麦不套种草木樨作为对照(CK),分别在春小麦拔节期(T1)、孕穗期(T2)、扬花期(T3)、灌浆期(T4)套种草木樨,研究了不同处理模式下春小麦花后单株叶面积、旗叶叶叶绿本素含量及产量构成因子的变化.结果表明:不同时期套种草木樨后,小麦单株叶面积,旗叶叶片中Chl(a+b)、chla、chlb含量均明显提高,与对照相比,扬花期各处理小麦单株叶面积增加7.18;～13.66;、叶绿素含量提高8.26;～27.20;,不同处理之间T2表现最优;随着小麦叶片的衰老各处理光合指标逐渐下降,CK下降较快.各时期套种草木樨对小麦产量构成因子影响显著,穗数、穗粒数明显增加,依次为T2＞T3＞T4＞T1＞CK,与对照相比,春小麦千粒重增加5.9;～17.1;,T1、T2、T3、T4产量分别增长了11.1;、24.7;、15.9;、12.5;,T2处理产量最高,达5 452.5 kg/hm2,不同处理之间差异显著.     

精量露播小麦的群体质量分析

以连续四年小区试验和多年多点同田大区对比试验为基础,分析了精量露播小麦的群体质量。精量露播栽培小麦表现出明显的早发生长优势、根系生长优势和持续生长优势,这三大生长优势显著提高了精量露播小麦的群体质量,形成了构建高光效能的高产群体的生物学基础。