Motility Parameters of Rainbow Trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) Spermatozoa in Relation to Sequential Collection of Milt,Time of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Post-mortem</Emphasis> Storage and Anesthesia

The present study investigated the effects of sequential collection of milt, time of post-mortem storage and anesthesia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm motility parameters (using computer-assisted sperm analysis – CASA) as well as seminal plasma osmolality and sperm concentration. The post-mortem storage and time of anesthesia altered motility characteristics of rainbow trout sperm to different extents. The moderate impact of time of anesthesia was manifested in a shortened duration of sperm motility after 10 min exposure of fish to anesthetic. The prolonged post-mortem storage (≥40–60 min), in addition to lowering sperm motility duration, also significantly influenced sperm motility parameters, such as sperm velocities, percentage of motile sperm and sperm trajectory parameters. These results clearly demonstrate that when milt from sacrificed fish is used for sperm motility studies, the time of post-mortem storage significantly alters sperm motility characteristics. Since sperm motility rate and swimming velocity could predict fertilizing ability, detrimental effects of prolonged post-mortem storage may lead to reduced fertilization success. Sperm concentration and seminal plasma osmolality were lower in the first fractions and increased with successive collections of milt. It suggests the presence of urine contamination of the first milt fractions which were collected by stripping. Therefore, testing of sperm concentration and/or seminal plasma osmolality should be mandatory while handling stored milt.     

饲料锌含量对方格星虫稚虫生长性能、体成分、体腔液中锌含量及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

以蛋氨酸锌为锌源,在等氮等能的基础饲料中添加不同水平的锌,配制实际锌含量分别为9.3、31.7、49.9、90.1、168.6和326.5 mg/kg的6种试验饲料,饲喂平均体重为(14.54±0.10)mg的方格星虫稚虫8周,用以研究饲料锌含量对方格星虫稚虫生长、体成分、体腔液中锌含量及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。每种试验饲料设3个重复,每个重复饲喂400尾方格星虫稚虫。结果表明:饲料锌含量对方格星虫的成活率、增重率和特定生长率均有显著影响(P0.05),其中增重率和特定生长率均在饲料锌含量为49.9 mg/kg时达到最高值,并显著高于饲料锌含量最低(9.3 mg/kg)和最高(326.5 mg/kg)的组(P0.05)。饲料锌含量对虫体粗脂肪和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P0.05),虫体粗脂肪含量随着饲料锌含量的提高呈先增后降的趋势,而粗灰分含量的趋势则相反。饲料锌含量对虫体水分和粗蛋白质含量没有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料锌含量对虫体体腔液锌含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均有显著影响(P0.05)。虫体体腔液锌含量随着饲料锌含量的提高而不断上升,在饲料锌含量为326.5 mg/kg时达到最高值;而虫体体腔液中碱性磷酸酶活性则随着饲料锌含量的提高先上升后趋于稳定,当饲料锌含量为49.9 mg/kg时达到最高值。以增重率为评价指标,通过回归分析得出方格星虫稚虫饲料中适宜锌含量为41.93 mg/kg。     

Iron transport in plants: Future research in view of a plant nutritionist and a molecular biologist

Iron is attractive to plant physiologists since J. Sachs has proven in 1868 the essentiality and the possible leaf uptake of Fe. It lasted about 100 years before the principal processes for Fe mobilization in the rhizosphere were discovered and classified as two distinct strategies for Fe acquisition. During the 80's and 90's of the last century the uptake of Fe²⁺ and Fe^III-phytosiderophores by specific transporters in strategy I- and strategy II-plants, respectively, were postulated without any application of the new approaching molecular techniques. In the following decade, the various transporters for Fe uptake by roots, such as AtIRT1 in Arabidopsis or ZmYS1 in maize and their possible regulation were characterized. In the following years with fast developing molecular approaches further Fe trans ortsrs were genetically described with often only vague physiological functions. In view of a plant nutritionist, besides uptake processes by roots, the following transport processes within the respective target tissue have to be considered by molecular biologists in more detail: 1) radial transfer of Fe from the root cortex through the endodermis, 2) xylem loading in roots, 3) transfer of Fe from xylem to phloem via transfer cells, 4) phloem loading with Fe in source leaves and retranslocation to sink organs, and 5) remobilization and retranslocation via the phloem during senescence of perennial plants. The importance of these various specific transport processes for a well-regulated Fe homeostasis in plants and new strategies to identify and characterize proteins involved in Fe transport and homeostasis will be discussed.     

FLUENT软件及其在植保机械方面的应用

FLUENT软件是流体力学中通用性较强的商业软件之一，由于FLUENT软件的应用，节省了大量的人力和物力。对实际应用有重大的指导作用。为此，通过简述FLUENT在植保机械方面的应用实例，提出了FLUENT在植保机械方面的发展前景。     

衍生化气相色谱法检测瘤胃液和青贮液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸

利用手性衍生化试剂L-薄荷醇和气相色谱柱前衍生化,将瘤胃液和青贮液中L-和D-乳酸对映体转化为酯类非对映体对,建立同时分析发酵液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸的气相色谱检测方法。样品乳酸对映体的质量浓度在0.05~10.00 mg/mL范围内时,标准曲线的决定系数分别达到R2=0.999 5和R2=0.999 6。乳酸对映体的回收率为96.15%~108.24%,且相对标准偏差小于5%。采用本方法检测瘤胃液和青贮液样品的L-和D-乳酸对映体含量,并且与酶学检测法进行比较,2种方法的测定结果没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。发酵液中挥发酸经衍生化处理,可以与L-和D-乳酸对映体在同一色谱条件下检测,各组分在0.05~5.00 mg/mL范围内线性良好,R2=0.998 2~0.999 4。乳酸对映体和挥发酸的色谱分析在6 min完成。     

Phospholipid compositions of sera and synovial fluids from dog, human and horse: a comparison by 31P-NMR and MALDI-TOF MS

Alterations of the phospholipid (PL) compositions of body fluids are assumed to be indicative of inflammatory diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, we have shown that particularly the phosphatidylcholine/lysophosphatidylcholine (PC/LPC) ratio determined in human synovial fluids (SF) and sera represents a reliable measure of the inflammatory state in RA patients. However, it is not yet clear to what extent the PC/LPC ratio is also affected by nutrition habits. In the present study, the PL and the corresponding acyl chain compositions of human body fluids (SF and serum of RA patients as well as serum from healthy volunteers) are compared with those of two other mammalian species (horses and dogs suffering from degenerative joint diseases as well as healthy controls) by high-resolution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The most important result of this study is that the PL compositions of SF and serum of horse and dog are comparable with those of human body fluids. Compared with humans, however, the horse body fluid contains less PCs with highly unsaturated arachidonoyl residues, while that of dogs possesses the highest content of arachidonoyl-containing PC. These species-related differences stem primarily from different nutrition habits (meat vs. plants).     

南水北调工程洛河渡槽耦合动力分析

在合理模拟临跨的静态荷载以及质量影响的基础上.采用三维有限元对南水北调工程洺河大型渡槽典型槽段单跨渡槽进行结构地震动力分析.对于影响渡槽结构动力响应的盆式支座、槽内水体与结构的流固耦合作用以及桩基-土体的动力相互作用,参照相关规范的原则和相关研究成果,在尽可能反映其实际影响和合理简化的基础上进行模拟,研究了结构自振特性、结构各部位的动力位移、应力以及内力响应.计算结果表明:采用不同水体模拟方法和不同计算分析方法得到的动力响应规律是一致的,动力响应值比较接近.     

日本鳗鲡胶原蛋白和小清蛋白的过敏原性

以日本鳗鲡皮与肌肉组织为研究对象,采用碱溶、酸溶、盐析、冻干等方法纯化得到胶原蛋白,采用加热、饱和硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析等方法纯化得到两种亚型的小清蛋白(PV-Ⅰ和PV-Ⅱ),纯化的目标蛋白经动物特异性抗体的免疫印迹实验确证。酶联免疫吸附测定和免疫印迹分析结果显示,纯化的胶原蛋白和小清蛋白分别与鱼类过敏患者阳性血清发生特异性反应,且二者之间无免疫交叉反应。体外模拟胃液消化实验和SDS-PAGE分析结果显示,胶原蛋白和小清蛋白均具有较高的消化稳定性。结果提示,日本鳗胶原蛋白和小清蛋白具有较高的消化稳定性和免疫原性,二者可引发不同患者的IgE介导特异性超敏反应。     

高血糖疝痛马骡补液试验

将５５例大肠阻塞马骡分为４组，分别静脉输入５％、１０％、５０％葡萄糖溶液和２：１平衡液，实验表明：大肠阻塞马骡不宜补糖；采用一定剂量、速度和间隔时间对大肠阻塞马骡输入２：１平衡液可纠正其高血糖、脱水和酸中毒等症状。