组合型木聚糖酶对21日龄黄羽肉鸡器官指数、内源消化酶活性以及肠道吸收功能的影响

通过对21日龄黄羽肉鸡器官指数和胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶、胰淀粉酶以及血清中木糖水平进行检测,研究酶制剂对动物内脏器官所产生的影响,以及组合酶和单酶之间的差异。木聚糖酶在小麦型日粮中添加,降低了肝脏、肌胃、腺胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的器官指数,增加了胰腺的器官指数;降低了胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的分泌水平;组合酶比单酶降低小肠器官指数更明显,单酶增加了胰脂肪酶的分泌水平,组合酶降低了胰脂肪酶的分泌水平,差异不显著(P>0.05)。小麦型日粮饲喂组血清中木糖的水平高于玉米型日粮组和加酶组,酶制剂的添加降低了血液中的木糖水平,各处理组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选鉴定及木聚糖酶基因(Xyn B)的克隆

采用富集培养、透明圈平板筛选的方法,从长期堆放青贮饲料的土壤中分离到7株木聚糖酶产生菌。选取透明圈最大的木聚糖酶产生菌X7作为基础菌,对其进行16S rRNA部分序列PCR扩增测定,经BLAST同源性分析确定X7为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis strain GD3b(Genebank编码:HM055602.1)。然后设计特异引物,以X7基因组为模板,对其进行Xyn B基因序列PCR扩增,扩增产物经BLAST同源性分析表明已成功克隆了X7菌株的Xyn B基因,为日后构建木聚糖酶基因酵母表达载体,培育能够分泌表达具有高活性的木聚糖酶酵母工程菌奠定了基础。     

Xylanase and xylo- oligosaccharide prebiotic improve the growth performance and concentration of potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides in the ileum of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing broiler diets with xylanase or xylo- oligosaccharide (XOS) on growth performance, the concentration of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolysis products in the ileum and concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caeca of broiler chickens.

2. In total, 500 male Ross 308 broilers were used in this 29-day (d) study. The treatments were organised into a 2 × 2 plus 1 factorial arrangement consisting of two additives (xylanase or XOS) at two levels (low or high) plus a control treatment with no additives. This gave five treatments with 100 birds in each treatment group. The diets were slightly deficient in protein by 20 g/kg and energy by 1 MJ/kg.

3. On d 14 and 28, two birds per pen were euthanised, the caeca content collected and analysed for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration. On d 29, six birds per pen were euthanised and ileal digesta were collected and analysed for the concentration of NSP fractions.

4. On d 14, caecal acetic acid, iso-butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, n-valeric acid and total SCFA concentrations were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) when diets were supplemented with XOS compared with xylanase.

5. Ileal concentration of arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid (GlucA2) were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the insoluble NSP fraction when diets were supplemented with a high level of xylanase, compared with the control treatment. Ileal concentration of fructose was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the water soluble NSP when a high level of xylanase or low level of XOS were included in the diet compared with the control.

6. It was concluded that xylanase and XOS had similar effects on NSP concentration and SCFA in the caeca, although there was little effect on performance. This observation demonstrated further benefits of xylanase supplementation in wheat-based broiler diets beyond digesta viscosity reduction and the release of extra nutrients.     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶XynⅢ的纯化与酶学性质

通过超滤和DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析等方法,将黑曲霉J506发酵所产的木聚糖酶XynⅢ纯化至电泳级均一纯,分子量经SDS-PAGE测定为27.9 kDa.酶学特性研究表明,XynⅢ能够水解桦木木聚糖,燕麦木聚糖,地衣多糖和大麦β-葡聚糖,最适温度和最适pH值分别为50℃和4.6,具有较宽的pH稳定性,并且在50℃以下较稳定.Ca2 ,Co2 ,Cu2 ,Mn2 ,Pb2 ,K ,Zn2 and EDTA对酶有不同程度的抑制作用,Fe2 和Mg2 对酶有轻微的激活作用.     

不同木聚糖水平饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道微生态环境的影响

本试验旨在研究不同木聚糖水平饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物代谢产物和菌群数量的影响.选择30头体重相近,遗传背景相似的28日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶阉公猪,采用2×3因子试验设计,设2个饲粮木聚糖酶添加量(0和1 000 U/kg)和3个饲粮木聚糖水平(4.58％、6.23％和7.54％),将仔猪...     

培养基成分对木霉菌合成木聚糖酶的影响

木低聚糖可以从木质纤维的有控酶降解反应获得 .该文采用培养木霉菌 ,使其在最佳条件下比较专一性地合成木聚糖酶 ,这种最佳条件包括培养基成分的探索和培养条件的控制两方面 .期望用这种木聚糖酶降解木质纤维原料时 ,能尽可能多地得到木低聚糖 ,而较少出现木单糖 .首先就碳源、氮源、碳氮比等因素对木聚糖酶活性的影响进行了研究 .结果表明 ,以杨木粗木聚糖为碳源 ,以酵母浸膏为氮源 ,碳源浓度控制在 7g L左右 ,碳氮比在 7 8以上 ,所产生的木聚糖酶活性较高 ,且木聚糖酶与纤维素酶酶活的比值较高 ,即所产酶的选择性较好     

一株产木聚糖酶菌株的鉴定及产酶条件研究

【目的】对一株从木薯渣堆中分离得到的产木聚糖酶嗜热真菌JG-50菌株进行分类鉴定,并研究其利用木薯渣固态发酵产酶的最佳条件,为该菌株在农业有机废弃物发酵利用中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用真菌形态学观察和26S rDNA基因D1/D2区序列同源性分析方法对JG-50菌株进行分类鉴定,并以单因素试验方法对JG-50菌株产木聚糖酶的最佳碳源、氮源、培养时间、培养温度和培养基初始pH等发酵条件进行优化。【结果】菌株JG-50与嗜热子囊菌(Thermoascus aurantiacus isolate MTCC 4890)的26S rDNA序列相似性为99%,结合形态学特征初步鉴定为嗜热子囊菌属的一种。该菌株能以木薯渣为碳源固态发酵产木聚糖酶,其产酶的最佳条件为:以木薯渣为碳源,添加60%麦麸,0.3%蛋白胨和0.2%酵母粉,pH 6.0,以此培养基50℃培养8 d,木聚糖酶活可达4625.4 U/g(干培养基)。【结论】嗜热真菌JG-50具有较强的产木聚糖酶能力,在农业有机废弃物发酵利用领域具有良好的应用前景。     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的诱变选育及产酶条件的研究

试验对黑曲霉进行紫外诱变,结合透明圈法和DNS法从中筛选出一株酶活较高的突变株N86,并对其液体发酵培养基组分进行研究。结果表明,突变株N86的液体发酵培养基最优成分为:麸皮2g,硫酸铵1.0%,葡萄糖0.1%,磷酸二氢钾0.2%,七水合硫酸镁0.05%,吐温-80为0.1%,培养基pH6,250mL三角瓶装液50mL,突变株酶活最高达139IU·mL-1,产酶高峰在72h左右。     

Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood parameters,fecal microbiota,fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal‐based diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, blood parameters, fecal microflora shedding, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal based diet. A total of 150 weaning pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 7.85 ± 0.93 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments based on BW and sex (10 replicate pens with five pigs, two gilts and three barrows) were used in this 42‐day trial. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) X1, basal diet +0.005% xylanase; (2) X2, basal diet +0.01% xylanase. The xylanase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), and gain : feed ratio (G:F) from days 29 to 42 and the in overall period, dry matter, nitrogen and energy digestibility, and fecal Lactobacilli counts, and linearly decreased (P < 0.05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission. Additionally, at weeks 5 and 6, there was a linear decrease in fecal score with xylanase supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, shifted microbiota by increasing fecal Lactobacillus counts, decreased BUN concentration, fecal score, and fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission in weaning pigs.     

两种木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和养分代谢率的影响

试验旨在探讨不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响。将1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡540羽,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每重复30羽,试验期42 d。对照组饲喂小麦-玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验A、B组分别饲喂基础日粮中添加200 g/t木霉产木聚糖酶和200 g/t细菌产木聚糖酶的试验日粮,木聚糖酶酶活均为30 000 IU/g。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验A、B组的平均日增重和粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、磷的表观代谢率及日粮表观代谢能均显著提高（P < 0.05）,料重比显著降低（P < 0.05）,粗蛋白质表观代谢率分别提高了5.90%（P < 0.05）和3.54%（P > 0.05）。试验A、B组之间各测定指标没有显著差异（P > 0.05） 。上述结果表明日粮中添加200 g/t木霉产木聚糖酶或细菌产木聚糖酶均能提高养分代谢率,改善肉鸡生长性能,木霉产木聚糖酶的效果稍好于细菌产木聚糖酶。