微波诱变筛选无色素黄原胶产生菌

[目的]筛选出含色素较少或无色素的黄原胶生成菌株,生产高品质的透明黄原胶,促进黄原胶发酵工业的发展。[方法]经过各个平板内比较、各个稀释度内比较、各个试验组内比较及各种条件试验内的单菌落颜色比较,选取出发菌株。对出发菌株进行微波照射诱变,并选取最佳照射条件。[结果]在微波强度为60%的条件下照射40s,每隔10s进行冷却为最佳的黄单胞菌微波诱变条件。经显微镜检测、连续传代后的菌落形态观察及所产黄原胶的比较结果表明,该试验使用微波诱变筛选已获得1株产生无色素黄原胶的黄单胞菌caM45-5突变株,该突变株可用于生产高品质的透明黄原胶。[结论]为生产高品质的透明黄原胶、减少黄原胶提取工艺过程提供了方便。     

Effects of Bicarbonate,Xanthan Gum,and Preparation Methods on Biochemical,Physicochemical, and Gel Properties of Nile Tilapia (Oreochomis niloticus Linn) Mince

This study was aimed to determine the effects of phosphate compound substitutions (sodium bicarbonate and xanthan gum) and preparation methods—headed, gutted whole fish, and mince; fresh and after frozen storage (?20°C for 3 months)—on Nile tilapia mince qualities. Results showed that bicarbonate (0.3% with 8% sucrose/sorbitol) is an efficient phosphate compound replacement as evidenced by the comparative values of salt extractable protein, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, total sulfhydryl content, and textural properties to those of the phosphate-added—0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) with 8% sucrose-sorbitol—sample after 3-month frozen storage (p > 0.05). Both cryoprotected samples containing STPP or bicarbonate exhibited higher denaturation temperatures of myosin than others. Xanthan gum (0.5%) could neither stabilize the biochemical and physicochemical properties of mince during 3-month frozen storage nor improve textural properties of gel from frozen whole fish.     

Effects of pre‐ and post‐treatment with ethephon on gum formation of peach gummosis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Peach gummosis, caused by Botryosphaeria spp. fungi, is the process of gum accumulation and exudation in plants. Ethephon (2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid) has profound effects on plants, including enhanced production of secondary metabolites and regulation of plant diseases. This study investigates the effects of application of ethephon before and after inoculation with Lasiodiplodia theobromae on gum formation. Gum formation was promoted by ethephon treatment prior to pathogen inoculation, but inhibited by ethephon applied after the pathogen. The inhibitory effect was counteracted by 1‐methylcyclopropane, which is an ethylene signal inhibitor. 1‐methylcyclopropane also promoted gum formation. Exposure of three isolates of Botryosphaeria to ethephon inhibited mycelial growth. Both treatment methods increased the sugar content at 12 and 24 h post‐inoculation (hpi). However, the sucrose, glucose and fructose contents were significantly higher in shoots with ethephon post‐treatment (application of ethephon after the pathogen inoculation) than those in shoots with ethephon pre‐treatment (application of ethephon prior to pathogen inoculation) at 48 and 72 hpi. The expression of two putative senescence‐related genes, SEN2 and SEN4, were significantly enhanced in pre‐ and post‐treated shoots with ethephon at 24, 48 and 72 hpi. Ethephon application also up‐regulated expression of the pathogenesis‐related protein PR4 while down‐regulating PR1a and PR10. The results show that ethephon has a dual function in regulating gum formation by affecting both the peach shoots and the pathogen.     

粒粒黄桃汁饮料果粒悬浮性的研究

以黄桃作为饮料的主要原料,通过单因素试验确定果胶、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠在粒粒黄桃汁饮料中的最佳使用方案,通过正交实验,确定果胶、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠的最优复配比例及最优用量。结果表明:果胶∶黄原胶∶羧甲基纤维素钠最优复配比为2∶4∶7,最优用量为每100g饮料添加果胶0.075g,黄原胶0.150g,羧甲基纤维素钠0.2625g。     

Improvement in growth and alkaloid content of Rauwolfia serpentina on application of organic matrix entrapped biofertilizers (Azotobacter chroococcum,Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas putida)

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of conventional chemical fertilizer (urea),conventional biofertilizers (charcoal based) and organic matrix entrapped biofertilizer; (OMEB: a consortium of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomnas putida entrapped with clay soil, neem leaves, and cow dung in ratio of 1:1:1 and 15% saresh (plant gum of Acacia sp.) in various doses on growth parameters of Rauwolfia serpentina in terms of root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of roots and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Replacement of conventional chemical fertilizer by the consortium of biofertilizers (un-entrapped) increased plant growth in a dose dependent manner up to triple dose of the recommended dose (RD) of biofertilizers (1.80 kg ha-1). This increase in plant growth was not up to the level which appeared in the application of RD of urea. Entrapment of the same biofertilizers in an organic matrix mentioned above enhanced the plant growth similar to that observed for urea. The percentage increase of 9.57 and 7.54 in fresh weight (FW) and 11.93 and 11.12% in dry weight (DW) of shoot and 17.94 and 37.87% in FW of roots and 31.90 and 50.08% in DW of roots were recorded in 75 days old plant by the application of OMEB- triple dose over the conventional biofertilizers triple dose and recommended dose of urea. Conventional biofertilizers enhanced the availability of nitrate, nitrite and phosphate in the roots and leaves of the plant over application of urea as well as conventional biofertilizers. This formulation also increased alkaloid contents of in the roots of this plant. Microbial population of soil was also improved indicating enhanced soil fertility with application of OMEB. The results indicate that replacement of chemical fertilizers with microbial biofertilizers is possible with application of higher dose of biofertilizers entrapped into the organic matrix for the cultivation of medicinal plants like R. serpentina.     

阿拉伯胶的性质研究

探讨阿拉伯胶的一些主要性能。试验表明,阿拉伯胶的溶解性较好;随着阿拉伯胶浓度的增加,黏度亦增大;pH值变化时,阿拉伯胶黏度几乎保持恒定;同时阿拉伯胶有较好的保持香气的能力。     

松脂贮存过程的褐变作用及漂洗方法

以含有松树皮、木质和松针叶等杂质的松脂为原料，水为溶剂进行松脂加工过程褐变作用和漂洗方法的研究。考察了不同水质、温度、时间、松脂粒度及更换漂洗水质对松脂贮存和漂洗过程褐变作用的影响，比较了漂洗和未漂洗松脂在熔解过程中的非酶褐变作用。结果表明采用细菌总数为110000个／L的河水贮存松脂，产生严重的褐变作用，导致松香产品颜色加深，松节油也夹带臭味；而用无菌或灭菌蒸馏水保养松脂，在室温下可贮存24个月、冷沸水可贮存12个月、自来水可贮存9个月，松脂的颜色基本不变；当贮存温度低于10℃时，抑制了松脂褐变作用的进行；松脂粒度小于10mm和更换水质的方法，有利于提高松脂所含杂质的浸提速率；新鲜松脂漂洗与否对熔解过程非酶褐变的影响不大。由于采用无菌或灭菌水质保养和漂洗松脂，延长了松脂的贮存时间，因此松脂厂可变季节性生产为全年生产，从而提高了生产装备的利用率和产量。     

中国松香工业概况

松香是一种具有重大经济价值的天然树脂.作为重要的化工原料,松香被广泛应用于造纸、胶粘剂、油漆涂料、油墨、橡胶、食品等工业.本文将通过阐述中国松香工业的历史、现状及发展前景,从宏观角度对中国松香工业作一个概述.     

落叶松[Larix gmelini(Rupr.)Rupr.]阿拉伯半乳聚糖性质的初步研究

阿拉伯半乳聚糖是从落叶松木屑中提取的水溶性树胶。对其物理化学性质的研究结果表明,它和阿拉伯树胶的流变性能及表面性能相似。同属于多支链水溶性低聚糖。它具有高浓度。低粘度和降低水溶液表面张力等特殊性能,作为保护胶体、乳化剂、稳定剂等可应用于食品,化妆品和其他工业,     

浅色松香酯制造工艺研究中试报告

设计和制造了一个年产1000吨浅色松香树脂车间。用热松香作为原料,在热松香的贮槽和反应锅中都用经处理过的氮气保护。中试产品松香甘油酯和马来酐改性松香甘油酯的各项质量指标,特别是色泽都大大优于目前市售商品,与国外同类产品的质量一致。在实验室中发现的中国脂松香有“热漂白”作用,在中试中得到了证实。用二级松香为原料,在不加任何具有漂白作用的添加剂的情况下,得到产品松香甘油酯的色泽为特级。本工艺的产品成本和现行的直接火加热法基本相同。