库车坳陷克深地区现今地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟

克深三维区目前处于勘探开发的前期,需要明确地应力场及地下储层裂缝的分布规律,指导开发工作,但该区存在地层埋深大、取心困难、成像测井资料缺乏等实际情况,应力场研究及裂缝预测难度大。利用有限元分析方法,以井点现今地应力值为约束进行了克深三维区现今地应力场的数值模拟,同时建立了应力应变与裂缝参数的定量关系模型,利用古今应力场结合法对克深三维区的裂缝参数进行了预测,模拟结果显示构造高部位和断层带是低应力值区及裂缝的有利发育区。裂缝的数值模拟结果与测井解释结果对比表明,预测结果与实钻吻合度较高,裂缝预测效果较好。     

喀斯特山区2个鲫鱼群体基于转铁蛋白的遗传多样性研究

为了解喀斯特山区2个不同鲫鱼群体在蛋白质水平的遗传多样性及其遗传差异,运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对喀斯特山区2个群体鲫鱼的血清转铁蛋白电泳表型及多样性进行研究。结果表明:群体克隆多样性指数表现为草海鲫鱼(0.32)﹥红鲫(0.25,对照)﹥普安鲫鱼(0.13);3个鲫鱼群体的13个克隆由9个不同的等位基因产生,等位基因的频率分别为Tf~a0.144 9、Tf~b0.202 9、Tf~c0.036 2、Tf~d0.058 0、Tf~e0.007 2、Tf~f0.239 1、Tf~g0.014 5、Tf~h0.275 4、Tf~i0.029 0;普安鲫鱼与草海鲫鱼和红鲫无共享的基因型;普安鲫鱼与草海鲫鱼之间的遗传相似性指数较高(0.714 3),遗传距离较小(0.285 7)。总体来看,草海鲫鱼的克隆多样性水平较高,其转铁蛋白多样性程度较普安鲫鱼丰富;2个群体之间存在较近的亲缘关系,未达到遗传距离种的分化标准。     

根区滴灌对干旱山地苹果树生长发育和结实的影响

根区滴灌是将雨水促渗管与传统滴灌相结合而组装集成的一项节水灌溉新技术。为了探讨根区滴灌在山地果园的应用效果,为山地果园的栽培管理提供依据,本文以陕北米脂县6 a生山地红富士苹果树为研究对象,以世界公认的最佳苹果优生区洛川县的降雨量和土壤贮水量为灌水依据,分析了不同灌溉方式对苹果树萌芽、坐果、枝叶生长、果实发育和水分利用效率的影响,以及山地果园土壤水分达到优生区标准后与优生区苹果树生长结果的差异。结果表明,采用根区滴灌能有效提高苹果树的萌芽率和坐果率,萌芽率比传统滴灌提高了2.14%~2.76%,坐果率比传统滴灌提高了0.80%~1.42%;能有效促进苹果树新稍和叶片的生长,新稍长度比传统滴灌提高了1.44%~4.94%,百叶鲜质量比传统滴灌提高了2.13%~4.16%;能显著促进苹果树果实的生长,单果重比传统滴灌增大了7.05~14.99 g,优果率比传统滴灌提高了9.4%~14.7%;能显著提高水分利用效率,灌水量比传统滴灌节约了8.09%,水分利用效率比传统滴灌提高了10.62%~15.30%。可见,根区滴灌技术在陕北黄土丘陵区山地苹果生产中具有广阔的应用效果,但是,单纯依靠人为限量补水,山地苹果还不能达到优生区的生产水平。     

北京龙耘种业有限公司

中单28是中国农科院作物所选育的高产、多抗、优质、中晚熟普通玉米单交种，其组合为中1128x中5493。2005年4月经北京市农作物品种审定，审定编号为：京审玉2005001。2007年3月经山西省农作物品种审定，审定编号为：晋引玉2007008。     

炭化条件对竹原纤维炭孔隙结构的影响分析

为研究炭化竹原纤维的特性,进一步提升竹原纤维的使用性能,拓宽竹原纤维的应用领域,采用可控电炉制备了不同炭化温度和不同保温时间条件下的炭化竹原纤维,利用全自动比表面积及孔隙度分析仪测试了炭化竹原纤维的比表面积、比孔容及平均孔径,探讨了炭化条件对其性能的影响。结果表明：随炭化温度的升高和保温时间的延长,炭化竹原纤维的比表面积、比孔容和孔径分布先增大后减小,在较优的工艺条件下,炭化竹原纤维的比表面积和比孔容最大值分别可达819.35m2/g和0.7358cm3/g,平均孔径最小可达2.0836nm。     

论生态景观吸引力空间异化模型的应用——以江苏环太湖国际旅游区规划为例

以江苏环太湖国际旅游区规划为实验对象,重点探讨生态景观吸引力空间异化过程,即从要素磁场分化开始,经由同质景观间的引力异化,导致同类景观片区间的引力空间异化,最终推导出另一种"同质相斥、异质相吸"的新型生态景观吸引力空间结构。     

Density responses and spatial distribution of cotton yield and yield components in jujube (Zizyphus jujube)/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) agroforestry

Trees are the dominant species in agroforestry systems, profoundly affecting the performance of understory crops. Proximity to trees is a key factor in crop performance, but rather little information is available on the spatial distribution of yield and yield components of crop species under the influence of trees in agroforestry systems. Also, little information is available on how crop density may be exploited to optimize the yield in such systems. Here we studied the performance of cotton in jujube/cotton agroforestry. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Cotton was grown at a row distance of 60 cm in three densities, 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5 plants m⁻² in six m wide paths between tree lines in a jujube plantation. Plant density affected both cotton aboveground dry matter and yield significantly. The highest yield was attained at the intermediate density of 18.0 plants m⁻² (20.0 plants m⁻² corresponding in sole cotton), lower than the optimal density in sole cotton (25.0 plants m⁻²). Yield at the lower density was constrained by the low number of bolls per m² as a direct consequence of the low density, whereas at the high plant density yield was constrained by a lower allocation of assimilates to cotton seed and lint, as a consequence of intraspecific and interspecific competitions. There were strong gradients in yield and yield components in relation to the distance from the tree rows. Leaf area and total dry matter of cotton in rows close to the tree lines were reduced, especially in the rows next to the trees. Moreover, biomass allocation to cotton fruits was reduced in these rows. Competitive influences from the trees on cotton performance extended two rows deep in a six-year old jujube stand, and even three rows deep in a seven-year old stand. Shading effects on cotton yield were compensated by increasing plant density as a result of greater boll numbers per unit ground area. Data from this study help guide the design of optimal plant density of cotton in jujube plantations and give insight in the spatial distribution and dynamics of competitive effects in agroforestry systems in general.     

The combined effects of cover crops and symbiotic microbes on phosphatase gene and organic phosphorus hydrolysis in subtropical orchard soils

P deficiency is a major obstacle for crop production in subtropical red soils in South China, and the hydrolysis of organic P (Po) is of great significance in these soils due to the immobilization of P by Fe and Al. Cover cropping in orchards and symbiotic microbial inoculation are considered to improve soil quality, including P status, however, their effects on the hydrolysis of Po is little known. In this study, five soil managements were established in a guava orchard in South China for two and a half years, including clean culture (CC), cover cropping with Paspalum natatu (PN), PN with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation (PNA), cover cropping with Stylosanthes guianensis (SG), SG with rhizobial inoculation (SGR). Soil chemical, biochemical and microbial properties were analyzed. Results indicate that soil pH and SOM content tended to increase following cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation. Po content was significantly elevated in PNA. Po fractionation revealed that cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation significantly affected the contents of moderately labile Po (MLPo) and moderately resistant Po (FAPo). Enzyme assay indicated that cover cropping with microbial inoculation increased the activities of acidic phosphomonoesterase (ACP), neutral phosphomonoesterase (NP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), with ALP the most sensitive, although ACP activity dominated in red soils. Correlation analysis suggested a significantly positive relationship between ALP activity and MLPo or FAPo. PCR-DGGE profile of the alp-harboring bacterial community showed that cover cropping with S. guianensis and mycorrhizal inoculation to P. natatu promoted the bacterial diversity and/or species richness. For almost all the measured parameters, PN and SG were comparable, however, PNA was superior to SGR, indicating the stronger additive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus than that of rhizobia. Cat-PCA indicated that MLPo was the most influential factor on phosphomonoesterase. In general, this study suggests that, in subtropical orchards with red soil, cover cropping with microbial inoculation can improve the Po hydrolysis via the promoted alp-harboring bacterial community and then ALP activity. Our results also suggest that the combination of P. natatu and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is better than S. guianensis and rhizobia, which possesses practical significance for sustainable production in these orchards.     

对福州市旅游景区的认知研究

运用NMDS方法研究了福州市居民对福州市旅游景区的认知。通过空间定位图分析发现,在居民的认知中福州市10家旅游景区被聚合为3个组群：自然风光类旅游景区组群、人文风貌和自然风貌旅游景区组群、海岛风光旅游景区和博物馆旅游景区组群;在当地居民对旅游景区的感知情况方面,有4家旅游景区的感知率小于60%;在到访情况方面,旅游景区到访率只有3家大于70%,有2家介于35%和55%之间,有5家小于30%。通过特征属性和旅游景区之间的配适分析与水平距离分析发现,居民对前2个组群的评价较高,对后1个组群的评价较低。据此提出了福州市旅游发展的建议。     

6种无公害农药对蒙古栎栗实象的防治效果

[目的]筛选出能有效控制蒙古栎栗实象的无公害药剂和施药方式.[方法]采用6种无公害农药对蒙古栎栗实象成虫分别进行室内筛选试验和野外防治试验,同时对施药方法进行了评估.[结果]室内药剂测定试验结果表明,稀释100倍的1.2％阿维菌素、稀释100倍和500倍的5％噻虫啉及25％灭幼脲致死率均达到70％以上,其中稀释100倍的5％噻虫啉效果最佳,120 h后致死率达到84.21％;室外药效试验结果表明,稀释100倍的25％灭幼脲采用打孔注药的施药方式效果最明显,橡实被害率为64％,降低了32％的果实被害率.[结论]试验结果为蒙古栎栗实象的无公害防治提供了参考.