土壤铜形态与环境因素的关系及其对黑麦草生长的影响

采用盆栽试验研究酸度与氮素水平对土壤易溶态铜形态的影响,以及土壤铜含量与形态对黑麦草生长的影响。结果表明,土壤水溶态铜、有机碳结合态铜、离子态铜与铜处理水平呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别达到0.70、0.96、0.61。土壤酸度影响土壤中各形态铜的含量,随pH值降低土壤水溶态铜、离子态铜均显著增加,在pH4.7土壤上二者的含量随铜处理浓度的不同分别为pH6.0土壤上的1.6～6.3倍和39～148倍,两种土壤上水溶态铜、离子态铜含量差异达显著水平。铜处理水平、水溶态铜、有机碳结合态铜、离子态铜含量均强烈影响黑麦草的生长和其对铜的吸收,牧草鲜重与各形态铜呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.73、-0.76、-0.71、-0.72,而植株铜含量则与各形态铜间呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.61、0.87、0.56、0.87。土壤氮素水平影响土壤溶解有机碳的含量,但对土壤各种铜的形态及牧草对铜的吸收并无显著影响。     

Uterine biology in pigs and sheep

There is a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells, placentation and exchange of nutrients and gases. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms sustain the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea (CL) which produce progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for a successful outcome of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. With proper placentation, the fetal fluids and fetal membranes each have unique functions to ensure hematotrophic and histotrophic nutrition in support of growth and development of the fetus. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in sheep and pigs and gaps in knowledge that must be the subject of research in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of livestock species.     

夏季采用湿帘通风系统的密闭式肉种鸡舍温热环境因子的变化

选择华南农业大学增城正大肉鸡发展中心的肉种鸡舍为研究对象,在夏季分别对该鸡舍的气温、气湿、风速等温热环境因子进行测定,用以评价该鸡舍采用的湿帘通风系统对鸡舍内温热环境因子的调节效果。结果表明,夏季采用湿帘通风系统的鸡舍平均舍温比舍外气温低3~4℃,相对湿度保持在80%左右;夏季采用湿帘通风系统可以有效地降低舍温,主要表现为前端降温效果明显,后部降温效果有所下降;中间比两侧的降温效果好。表明夏季采用湿帘通风系统对种鸡舍内的温热环境控制较好。     

温度和季节对四川白獭兔部分繁殖性状的影响分析

环境因素特别是温度、光照对家兔的繁殖力影响很大。为评估亚热带地区温度和季节对四川白獭兔繁殖性状的影响,对四川成都邛崃市某兔场2008-2009年的四川白獭兔种兔部分繁殖资料进行了相关性分析。结果表明:温度和季节对四川白獭兔的窝平均产仔数、初生仔兔死亡率的影响明显,夏季高温条件下四川白獭兔的窝平均产仔数最低为6.00只;而冬春季节较高,分别为6.19只和6.16只。夏季初生兔死亡率最高为0.07%,而秋季最低为0.03%。     

表观健康猪群携带猪链球菌2型毒力因子的分布特征

为了研究钦州市猪链球菌2型(SS2)的毒力因子分布特征,采用多重PCR方法对从我市健康猪扁桃体分离的11株SS2相关毒力基因——荚膜多糖(Cps2J),溶菌酶释放蛋白(Mrp),胞外蛋白因子(EF),溶血素(Sly),进行毒力基因检测。检测结果显示:毒力基因型为Mrp+epf+Sly+共有8株,毒力基因型为Mrp+epf+Sly-共有1株,这两种毒力基因型可归为强毒力基因型,占此次健康猪源毒株的81.8%;另外Mrp-epf-Sly-共有2株,属于弱毒和无毒基因型,占健康猪源毒株的18.2%。通过结果分析,预示我市目前SS2的主要流行菌株是同时具有4种毒力因子的高致病性菌株。     

Below‐Canopy distribution of photosynthetically active radiation and its relation to seedling growth in a boreal Pinus sylvestris stand

A simulation model was used to predict the spatial distribution of direct and diffuse photosynthetically active radiation below a heterogenous canopy of a Pinus sylvestris stand in eastern Finland. Seedling growth was related to both measured and predicted radiation. The model predicted rather well the overall pattern of radiation distribution beneath the canopy. All the growth parameters of Pinus sylvestris seedlings (height, current height increment and mean height increment) correlated positively with the amount of both measured and predicted radiation. The correlation between seedling growth and irradiance was better for predicted diffuse radiation than for total radiation. This was probably because diffuse radiation, being symmetrically distributed around trees, correlates more strongly than direct radiation with other factors affecting seedling growth.     

几株乳酸杆菌耐逆性的比较研究

试验主要比较研究了6株乳酸杆菌对热(55℃和65℃)、酸(pH值1.0、2.0和3.0)、胆盐(0.1%和0.3%)、微量元素铜(0、10、50和250mg/L)和锌(0、120、600和3 000mg/L)的耐受性。结果表明:各菌株对这些因子的耐受性有不同程度的差异,如菌株LGG增殖速度、产酸性、耐酸性和耐温度55℃的能力都较其他菌株好,但该菌株在65℃下存活率极低;菌株ZJ614耐高温能力较强,在65℃处理20min后存活率能达到19.2%,但Cu2+(50 mg/L)对其增殖的不良影响较大;菌株ZJ621虽对酸的耐受性较强,但对胆盐的耐受性较差。经全面考察各菌株对各逆性因子的耐受性,初步推断,菌株ZJ610和ZJ617的综合耐逆性相对较强。     

商品肉鸡舍内环境因子含量测定及分布规律研究

 对商品肉鸡舍内主要环境因子如氧气、二氧化碳、氨气、硫化氢浓度、细菌浓度以及温度、湿度等进行定量检测,并分析各环境因子变化规律。试验结果显示,该鸡舍内氧气浓度平均为19.6%,比舍外降低6.0%;二氧化碳浓度平均为3 673×10⁶ mg/m³,为舍外二氧化碳浓度的8.48倍;细菌浓度平均为6.9×10⁵ cfu/m³;舍内平均温度为24.0 ℃,相对湿度为75.5%;氨气浓度在试验期间均超过100 mg/m³;硫化氢浓度低于检测仪器最低浓度1 mg/m³。试验表明,鸡舍内空气环境中二氧化碳浓度与氨气浓度严重超标,氧气含量不足,各环境因子与病原微生物相互作用,可能是导致鸡群发病的主要原因。     

Modeling susceptibility to deforestation of remaining ecosystems in North Central Mexico with logistic regression

Determining underlying factors that foster deforestation and delineating forest areas by levels of susceptibility are of the main challenges when defining policies for forest management and planning at regional scale. The susceptibility to deforestation of remaining forest ecosystems (shrubland, temperate forest and rainforest) was conducted in the state of San Luis Potosi, located in north central Mexico. Spatial analysis techniques were used to detect the deforested areas in the study area during 1993-2007. Logistic regression was used to relate explanatory variables (such as social, investment, forest production, biophysical and proximity factors) with susceptibility to deforestation to construct predictive models with two focuses: general and by biogeographical zone.In all models, deforestation has positive correlation with distance to rainfed agriculture, and negative correlation with slope, distance to roads and distance to towns. Other variables were significant in some cases, but in others they had dual relationships, which varied in each biogeographical zone. The results show that the remaining rainforest of Huastecaregion is highly susceptible to deforestation. Both approaches show that more than 70% of the current rainforest area has high and very high levels of susceptibility to deforestation. The values represent a serious concern with global warming whether tree carbon is released to atmosphere. However, after some considerations, encouraging forest environmental services appears to be the best alternative to achieve sustainable forest management.     

影响黑龙江省夏季林火的关键气象因子分析

利用2001～2009年黑龙江省夏季林火资料和同期林区气象观测资料,采用主成分分析方法确定了月降水量和月无雨日数、月平均温度及14时月平均风速是影响夏季林火的关键因子,其中降水量是最重要的影响因子,其次是温度因子和动力因子,夏季的温湿状况以及动力条件是决定夏季林火是否发生的关键;根据温湿因子综合分析发现,夏季林火多发生在暖干型气候背景下,即气温高降水少的月份,而且这种形势下发生的火灾往往持续时间长、过火面积大、造成的损失严重。