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71.
应用非线性优化理论 ,并基于 Philip入渗方程和其它边界约束条件 ,建立了引水补源区优化运行数学模型。模型目标是确定在补源区自然物理条件、地下水流运动、入渗以及连续方程等约束下 ,使得入渗量最大的运行准则 ,应用非线性优化规划法对模型求解 ,得到了满意效果。以黄河下游陈垓引黄灌区 1 993年 3月对灌区下游补源区一个单周期引水补源过程为例 ,计算了一次引黄最大优化入渗补源量 ,本方法对开辟学术研究新思路 ,指导生产实践具有重要参考价值 相似文献
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73.
Fagner Junior Gomes Bruno Carneiro Pedreira Patrícia Menezes Santos Cristiam Bosi Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(3):279-290
In silvopastoral (SP) systems, forage responses depend on the microenvironment in which the plants develop. Our objective was to evaluate canopy and tillering characteristics of shaded 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst A Rich) Stapf, syn. Urochloa brizantha] under continuous stocking in a SP system. Treatments were one full sun (FS) and three shaded systems (silvopasture, SP) corresponding to distances from tree groves: 7.5 m north (SP1), and 15 m (SP2) and 7.5 m south (SP3) studied during two rainy seasons (Year 1 and Year 2). The tree in the SP system was Eucalyptus urograndis (hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden × Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). The photosynthetic active radiation was greater in FS (923 μmol m-2 s-1), followed by SP2 (811 μmol m-2 s-1), SP1 (727 μmol m-2 s-1) and SP3 (673 μmol m-2 s-1). Forage accumulation in FS was 15% greater than the mean of SP1, SP2 and SP3 (10,663 kg DM/ha). There was no difference in net accumulation of leaf, stem and dead material, averaging 3,302, 3,420 and 4,063 kg DM/ha respectively. Leaf accumulation and accumulation rate were greater in Year 2, and leaf accumulation rate was similar among treatments (19 kg DM ha−1 day−1). Leaf proportion increased 14% from Year 1 to Year 2. Specific leaf area was greater for treatments SP1 and SP3 (193 cm2/g). Tiller population density was similar across treatments in Year 1. Shaded palisadegrass maintains leaf productivity similar to FS under continuous stocking in an SP system. 相似文献
74.
Facing the development and change of contemporary urban and rural planning discipline and social talent demand,it is imperative to develop the talent training of urban and rural planning major.Based on the teaching platform,this study constructed a perfect talent training mode,implemented modular teaching,took the occupation as the guidance,carried out the application-oriented talent training,and delivered high-quality professionals to the society. 相似文献
75.
为解决农田平地机无人驾驶作业时缺乏局部规划,进而实现平地路径在线调整的问题,以平地作业土方合理运卸且路径最短为目的,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的农田平地导航三维路径规划方法。基于农田三维地势模型,采用改进的蚁群算法规划三维路径:以平地作业土方运载为决策方向,建立新的路径搜索节点,对比平地机作业时平地铲运载土方量和经过栅格计算所需的挖填土方量,根据土方运载任务设置信息素更新规则和启发函数,获取农田平地的最佳三维路径;基于平地机的运动学模型,设置农田平地机转向约束条件,根据约束条件对路径进行平滑优化,并建立三维路径规划的效果评价标准。仿真结果表明:相比于原始蚁群算法,该方法的路径规划效果评价指标提高33.3%以上,可以更好地指导农田平地机实现局部平地任务,而且大大缩短了路径生成时间和路径长度,使路径更为平滑,更适用于辅助农田平地的自动导航作业。 相似文献
76.
采用层次聚类法和欧氏距离法,选择山西省安康市平利县的120个行政村为研究对象,对乡村经济结构特征、经济发展水平、生态旅游资源、产业发展潜力等方面进行评价。结果表明,乡村第一产业占比最小,第二产业增长率达14%,规划中应注重农业与工业的结合,加快农业现代化建设与农业机械化水平;优质生态环境乡村仅占20%,超过50%的乡村生态环境指标低于正常水平,应强调生态环境的可持续发展;只有少数几个乡村有较好的生态旅游资源,主要由于交通的极度不发达所致;产业等级为优的乡村较少,应协调优质产业到差等级乡村,吸引外资投入到中等级乡村,有效缓解乡村贫困,并整合产业成为现代化产业集群,有效提高产业效率和效益。 相似文献
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本研究立足历史与问题导向,研究创新符合新时代要求的村庄规划内容,归纳梳理了新中国成立以来村庄规划的发展历程,结合新时代的多重要求,通过对村庄规划的科学认知,阐述了实用性村庄规划编制的内容与方法,分析了村庄规划存在的问题和优势,提出了村庄规划发展的保障措施。首先,村庄规划从传统的单一导向规划转向分类指引规划;其次,村庄规划工作重点从居民点规划转变为全域空间管控;最后,从单一规划向多规合一的思维转变且村庄规划还要预留弹性空间。乡村规划师要深刻认识村庄规划的实用性内涵,以村民为主体,统筹城乡各种资源,分析研判村庄的优劣势,进行全要素规划,编制实用性村庄规划。 相似文献
79.
- 1. To conserve biodiversity in a human‐dominated landscape, a science‐based inventory and monitoring plan is needed that quantifies existing resources, isolates drivers that maintain natural communities, determines harmful stressors, and links ecological drivers and human stressors. A tactical approach is proposed for conservation planning using freshwater fish at the Cape Cod National Seashore.
- 2. Freshwater fish are well studied and occur across environmental gradients. The lentic systems at the national park are relatively pristine yet are enveloped by a region of high population density. Using fish community data, three steps were taken for tracking anthropogenic impacts in a human dominated landscape. First, fish and potential drivers were sampled intensively along a gradient to determine which fish metrics reflect natural communities and which abiotic and biotic factors structure them. Second, emerging and existing regional human threats were identified. Third, these human threats were linked to the potential drivers that maintain natural communities to identify the most informative metrics to monitor and track change.
- 3. Fish communities, water quality, habitat, and food resources were sampled concurrently in 18 ponds in 1999 and 2000. Three common fish species explained 98% of variation in numbers across systems. Based on ecological relationships, pH, depth, vegetation, prey, and community complexity were determined to maintain biodiversity of freshwater fish communities.
- 4. The primary human threats here included: development‐related, land‐use changes; non‐point source pollution; eutrophication from septic systems; and introduced species that are a byproduct of high human visitation. These are common threats in many rapidly urbanized areas and are likely to have relevance to many sites.
- 5. To track the impact of emerging threats to freshwater ponds related to increased human population, monitoring changes in water quality, vegetated habitat, fish diversity, and trophic interactions are recommended.
80.
对贵阳市植物景观现状调查分析,强调在城市总体规划中绿地同其它用地一样重要,植物景观规划应是城市绿地系统规划中重要一项。植物景观设计应遵循科学性与艺术性相结合的基本原则,要注重园林植物的形式美和意境美及体现地方文化特色。指出贵阳市植物景观特色的体现重要的一点就是向自然学习,体现植物的最佳适用性,把使用乡土树种、以乔木为主的植物配置从图纸上落实在建设中,以此推行节约型、生态型、可持续发展的园林绿化。最后列出几种宜于贵阳市的植物配置模式以供参考。 相似文献