特色与创新:都市农业发展研究——以武汉市江夏区前进村为例

都市农业是城市边缘地区农村发展的必然选择,以武汉市江夏区金口街前进村都市农业发展为例,研究如何依托城市资源优势,建设与城市发展相协调、具有鲜明自身特色的都市农业体系.     

青岛梅园的建设及梅花品种的搜集与选育

在简介青岛梅园这一北方“新星”后，着重报道了其在建园中完成的两项科研成果，即①梅园快速规划设计与施工；②梅花品种的搜集、整理与新品种选育     

大面积用材林代化栽培模式技术

林业生产要达到当今经济技术条件下最大限度的速生、丰产、优质、高效稳定和持续，不仅要有良种壮苗，还要做好造林地调查与规划，做到适地适树、适时适法，这是实现林业优化栽培模式的前提与保证；同时，造林树种选择、造林时间、密度确定、种植点配置、栽培方法、林木施肥、营造混交林以及森林保护、造林地设保护带、造林地留栽补植苗，这一系列均是用材林优化栽培模式的重要技术措施。     

长安嘉华居住小区环境设计分析

在充分考虑现代居住小区以人为本、生态设计思想的基础上,本文对长安嘉华居住小区道路系统、景观系统、植物配置等进行了介绍。并对小区各个组成部分的园林特色进行了分析。     

深圳珠江三角洲地区红树林可持续恢复研究

研究了红树林的生态学特性和对城市发展的积极作用,对深圳市珠江三角洲地区红树林的生长区域现状进行了调查,红树植物适宜生长的环境对盐度、温度和潮间带有着特殊要求。探讨了结合当地经济产业和文化游憩活动,提出了采用基围养殖法和创造适宜微生长环境两种具体技术可持续地恢复红树林,并且与养殖业经济相辅相成。而对于该地块的总体规划策略要结合当地文化游憩活动,体现自然保护功能价值。     

南京林业大学园林规划设计课程教学改革探讨

以南京林业大学园林规划设计国家精品课程为例,梳理其园林规划设计课程不同时期的教学改革特征,探讨研究园林规划设计课程的教学改革建设经验,希望对其他院校相关园林规划设计课程教学有所帮助。     

Future climate risk and urban tree inventories in Australian cities: Pitfalls,possibilities and practical considerations

Urban tree inventories are useful tools to assess the environmental and socio-economic services provided by urban forests. These inventories enable the evaluation of the climate change risk to urban forests, and governments rely on such inventories for urban planning and management. Here, we assessed the future climate risk of Australia and the state of urban tree inventories across 116 local government areas (LGAs), representing 21 % of the country’s LGAs and encompassing 55 % of the national human population. We evaluated projected changes in temperature and precipitation by 2050 for each LGA and conducted a survey to obtain information on the extent and types of data available in existing urban tree inventories. Additionally, we compiled demographic, socio-economic, and geographical data for all LGAs to explore correlates with tree inventory status. Temperature increases in 2050 were predicted in all LGAs, with higher latitude and smaller LGAs identified to undergo greater increases in temperature compared to larger and lower latitude LGAs. Decreases in seasonal precipitation were predicted for 97 LGAs. Seventy-six (66 %) of surveyed LGAs had urban tree inventories, which most commonly included trees along streets and in parks. Sixty-one LGAs record information on tree mortality, while 31 LGAs dynamically update their inventories. The presence of an inventory and the area it covered were positively associated with human population density. More than 30 years ago, in 1988, John Gray wrote that “insufficient statistics were available in Australia to provide an accurate picture of the urban forest estate”. Our research shows there has not been a significant advance in the adoption and use of urban forest inventories over the past three decades. Long-term, dynamically updated inventories are crucial for urban forest management to inform planting choices to support sustainable and resilient cities.     

Optimal harvesting time in single‐ and multiple‐purpose forest management

In single‐purpose timber producing forestry, the optimal harvesting time occurs when the net revenue on the stumpage value equals the cost of renting the land (the land‐use cost) minus the change in land value.

In multiple‐purpose forestry, the optimal time for harvesting occurs when the sum of the net revenues of the stumpage value and the amenity value is equal to the cost of renting the land minus the change in the land value. This land value is the sum of the land value for timber production and the land value for amenity services in the case of combined management of timber and amenity‐resources.     

Spatial optimization by simulated annealing and linear programming

Forest management planning comprises selection among treatment alternatives in management units. A traditional linear programming (LP) approach may effectively account for a profit maximization objective combined with sustainability constraints, e.g. on the temporal distribution of harvest volume flows, cash‐flow, and net present value development, but it fails to account for spatial constraints, especially those associated with final felling. By applying a simulated annealing adjacency model based on net present value maximization and combined with an LP consequence computation model, it is possible to delineate optimal strategies of final felling scheduling. Evaluation is made of the trade‐off between (1) the incremental cost (determined by use of the LP model) of an optimal adjacency model solution, and (2) the potential damage cost resulting from adjacency characteristics such as windthrow and bark injuries. The decision support system may contribute significantly to reduce damage costs and may improve the reliability of forest management planning.     

内黄林场优势树种龄级结构优化调整及评价

龄级结构是反映林分结构是否合理的主要方面,而建立森林收获调整模型是对龄级结构优化调整的重要途径。以河南省内黄林场优势树种杨树和刺槐为研究对象,基于林场2018年森林资源二类调查数据,利用线性规划和目标规划方法对林场优势树种龄级结构进行优化调整,并采用欧氏距离和平衡率对调整结构进行评价。结果表明:在调整期末各龄级面积分布均衡,2个树种龄级结构的平衡率均达到0.96,欧式距离缩小至85%以上,其中刺槐缩小达100%,接近法正状态;优势树种杨树和刺槐调整期内出材量分别达68 059.3m³和15 358.4m³,期末蓄积量分别占初期的127.6%和46.5%;优势树种杨树和刺槐碳储量期末分别达到26 797.4t和4 415.4t,分别占初期的111.3%和85%。