Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋对罗氏沼虾幼虾的毒性作用

研究了铜、锌、镉三种金属对罗氏沼虾幼虾的毒性作用和积累作用.得到了Cu2+、Cd2+对罗氏沼虾幼虾(L=0.88±0.12cm,W=8.7mg)的24h、48h、72h、96h LC50及安全浓度,两者对罗氏沼虾的毒性Cd2+＞Cu2+.当0.01mg/L≤Cu2+≤0.10mg/L、0.002mg/L≤Cd2+≤0.008mg/L、0.05mg/L Zn2+≤0.85mg/L时,幼虾处在各重金属的各浓度试液中经过20d(Cu2+、Cd2+)和14d(Zn2+)的饲养,均遭受了程度不等的毒性作用,幼虾体长、体重增长率与成活率均不同程度的降低,试验虾体内的Cu2+绝对积累量随着重金属浓度的升高而增加,Zn2+≤0.45mg/L时,幼虾对其绝对积累量随着重金属浓度的升高而增加.受试幼虾对三种重金属积累倍数随着浓度的上升而下降.     

黑龙江省农田土壤蓄水量盈亏状况的垂直变化规律研究

以农田土壤水分实测资料为基础 ,依据农田土壤水分常数与作物生长发育的关系创建了土壤蓄水量盈亏值指标。选择 3个典型站点研究黑龙江省农田土壤水分盈亏状况的垂直变化规律 ,结果为 :海伦从表层到 5 0 cm各个土层均为盈余 ,而且随深度的增加盈余先增加后下降 ,2 0 cm处为最高值 ;泰来的土壤水分从表层到 30 cm为增加 ,之后又下降 ,而且以 2 0 cm为界将盈余区与亏缺区划分开 ;总平均来看 ,宝清土壤水分随深度呈减少趋势 ,盈余减小 ,亏缺增大     

A New Beam Column Element of Space Framed Structures for Nonlinear Analysis of Geometric Material

An incremental virtual work equation of three dimensional(3D) beam column element is proposed based on the UL method. The geometric nonlinear tangent stiffness matrix for 3D beam column element is deduced with the consideration of warping, shear deformation and effects of moment spatial rotation. Material nonlinearity is addressed by introducing plastic hinges at the element ends. And the Orbison sectional strength is modified in order to consider the effects of torsion moment and warping. The elastic plastic tangent stiffness matrix is acquired as the element ends are in plastic phase based on the flow theory. With a case studied, it is shown that the model can be used to predict accurately the ultimate bearing capacity and instability mode of 3Dspace frames by only one or two elements, and address the effects of warping and shear deformations effectively.     

Interaction Working Behavior About the Internal and External Wall of Foam in place Cavity Wall

In order to study the stability of foam in place cavity wall, the capacity of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie involving in cavity wall deformation, the broken shapes and mechanical performance of the cavity wall, the effective measures was seaked to improve deformation capacity and overall performance of the cavity wall.13 patches of cavity wall and 1 patch of solid wall were built and seismic tests of which were carried out.The lnfluence of some constructional measures on mechanical behavior and deformation properties of the wall and vertical pressure and insulation layer thickness on the relative displacement difference of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.Finally, the capability of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie working interactively between the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.It is found that deformation capacity of the cavity wall is improved efficiently with constructional column and the high bonding strength, shearing strength and pressure strength of foam in place insulating mortar have certainly a positive influence on the bearing capacity of the wall.The reinforced concrete strip ears play the leading role in reinforcing connection of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall and guaranteeing out plane stability of the external wall.When walls crack seriously, the ties can play an important role in supporting and drawing the wall and preventing wall collapse.Furthermore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties which are the main construction measures to coordinate the internal and external wall work together perform a great variety of tasks.Therefore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties should be designed rationally to guarantee playing their respective roles.     

麦饭石对海水及水溶液中铜,锌吸附作用比较

用天然麦饭石对海水及水溶液中重金属Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）,Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）的吸附结果表明,麦饭石对海水及水溶液中的Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）,Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）有较强的吸附作用,在温度一定时,吸附量随两种金属离子平衡浓度的变化规律,在水溶液中可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温方程或Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉｃｈ等温方程描述,海水及水溶液的ＰＨ值对吸附有较大影响。吸附率随ＰＨ的变化曲线呈“Ｓ”形。此外,测定了麦饭石对海水及水溶液中Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）,Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）的饱和吸附     

An Approach for Estimating the Final Ultimate-bearing Capacity of Driven Pile In Soft Clay

The prefabricated pile,driven in soft clay,can squeeze the soil laterally in a certain scope around the pile,and the void ratio is reduced significantly;consequently,the shear bearing capacity is raised.But the soil parameter,which is used to estimate the capacity of pile,is reduced according to the soil state before the pile was driven.Then,a certain difference appears when the pile is working.The calculation result usually is partial to conservative.This paper analyzes the squeezing mechanism of the pile using the theory of cylindrical cavities expansion.And a formula,which is used to estimate the increment of shear bearing capacity of soil around the pile when excess pore water pressure from pile driving distributes completely,is presented based on the unique relation between the shear bearing capacity and the density of the soil.This formula can be used to estimate the final ultimate-bearing capacity of the pile.The calculated results by the proposed formula are in good agreement with those of the site measurement.     

均质土壤承压下陷模型改进及验证

针对传统土壤承压模型依赖拟合原位承载试验曲线的复杂性或建立在土壤力学参数基础上的预测模型的理想化等问题,该文提出一种改进的土壤承压下陷模型。依据地面力学和土壤力学相关理论将土壤承压力学模型分3类进行简要介绍,分析其各自特点和参数意义。结合土壤承压极限理论的指数形式,提出改进的土壤承压模型。利用庄继德等人的相关试验研究结果进行验证,结果表明砂性土、水稻土的土壤承压下陷计算预测曲线与实际拟合曲线吻合度较好,其中砂土试验的Bekker下陷曲线与改进模型计算所得曲线的决定系数R2为0.9998;利用Bekker文献中的黏性土试验参数数据进行验证,计算所得土壤极限应力值与相应位置贝氏方程拟合应力值误差在5%~21%之间,土壤变形指数求解值与实际值误差在7%~36%之间。该模型普适性、准确性较强,可在测得土体基本力学参数的基础上预测载荷下陷曲线,为研究车辆行驶下陷提供参考。     

闽江口琅岐岛生态足迹分析

利用生态足迹分析方法对琅岐岛1996年和2004年生态足迹和生态承载力进行了研究.结果表明,琅岐岛人均生态足迹由1996年的1.34 hm2增加至2004年的1.56 hm2,而人均生态承载力则从1996年的0.28 hm2减少到2004年的0.25hm2,可见生态足迹的发展趋势与生态承载力相反.1996年和2004年人均生态赤字分别为1.06和1.31 hm2,琅岐岛人口对自然资源的利用逐年增加,生态足迹与生态承载力之间的矛盾加剧.     

晋西黄土丘陵区不同人工林枯落物持水特性研究

为了定量评价森林枯落物的水文功能,通过野外观测和浸水法实验,调查了晋西黄土丘陵区不同人工林枯落物的蓄积量,分析了枯落物的持水能力与过程,并对枯落物持水量、吸水速率与浸泡时间的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明,枯落物蓄积量为6.81~56.64t/hm²,由大到小表现为:落叶松×白桦>落叶松>侧柏>油松×刺槐>油松>白桦>柠条>刺槐不同森林类型的枯落物最大持水量为10.08~100.78t/hm²,最大持水率变化范围为146.54%~203.74%,最大拦蓄量为9.41~88.65t/hm²,有效拦蓄量为7.90~73.53t/hm²枯落物浸水实验结果表明,枯落物持水量与浸水时间存在对数曲线关系,而枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈反函数关系,在浸泡最初的0.5h持水量迅速增加,随后增幅减小,在12h以后枯落物吸水基本达到了最大值,持水量趋于动态平衡。表明落叶松×白桦混交林林下枯落物是8种林地中持水性最优的,刺槐纯林枯落物持水特性最差。     

小麦品种(品系)SRC值与冷冻面团品质关系的研究

为研究和探讨小麦品种(品系)SRC值与冷冻面团品质的内在关系及其预测效果,本试验选用陕西关中地区16个小麦品种(品系)为材料,在对各小麦品种面粉溶剂保持能力(Solvent Retention Capacity,SRC)和冷冻面团品质检测的基础上,系统分析了SRC值与冷冻面团品质的关系。结果表明:小麦水SRC值与冷冻面团面包比容的关系密切,冷冻5 d间面包比容的变化主要受到乳酸SRC值的影响,各SRC值对冷冻5~10 d间的面包比容变化均有影响。SRC值对冷冻面团品质的预测效果较好。