甘肃河西绿洲农业区生态足迹动态研究

本文研究了甘肃河西绿洲农业区1949—2000年生态足迹、生态承载力和生态盈余／赤字的动态变化。结果表明：河西全区的人均生态足迹1949—2000年呈递增趋势,从0．426hm^3增加到2．158hm^3。1949—1970年平均为0．693hm^2,1975—1980年平均为1．029hm^2,1985—2000年平均为2．288hm^2;人均生态承载力由1949年的0．550hm^2增加到2000年的1．762hm^2,与人均生态足迹相比,增幅较小,增速亦慢。1949—1970年平均为0．782hm^2,1975—2000年平均为1．715hm^2;1949—1975年为生态盈余阶段,平均盈余为0．088hm^2,1980年首次出现赤字,1985年又恢复盈余,到1991年后持续出现生态赤字,且赤字程度呈加速度负增长,1991—2000年平均赤字为0．258hm^2。由此不难得出结论：河西区域发展正朝远离可持续的方向延展。     

Thermal,structural and functional properties of rice bran defatted with alcoholic solvents

Samples from combinations of different alcoholic extraction process parameters of rice bran oil, solvents (ethanol or isopropanol) and temperatures (60 or 80 °C) were evaluated and compared with samples from industrial processing regarding the physicochemical, structural and functional characteristics of the defatted meal since these properties are directly associated with the quality of the products. The results obtained for solids from alcoholic extraction did not differ significantly from those obtained from industrial processing using hexane. Although the use of alcohols and high temperatures led to reductions in the nitrogen solubility (21% to 13.5–16.7%), emulsifying activity (31% to 14–25%) and thermal stability, possibly as a function of protein structural modifications due to denaturation, stable foams were produced (26–50%), and adequate values for the water and oil absorption capacities were determined (4 and 3 g/g sample), allowing the application of this material in baking and meat products.     

An Approach for Estimating the Final Ultimate-bearing Capacity of Driven Pile In Soft Clay

The prefabricated pile,driven in soft clay,can squeeze the soil laterally in a certain scope around the pile,and the void ratio is reduced significantly;consequently,the shear bearing capacity is raised.But the soil parameter,which is used to estimate the capacity of pile,is reduced according to the soil state before the pile was driven.Then,a certain difference appears when the pile is working.The calculation result usually is partial to conservative.This paper analyzes the squeezing mechanism of the pile using the theory of cylindrical cavities expansion.And a formula,which is used to estimate the increment of shear bearing capacity of soil around the pile when excess pore water pressure from pile driving distributes completely,is presented based on the unique relation between the shear bearing capacity and the density of the soil.This formula can be used to estimate the final ultimate-bearing capacity of the pile.The calculated results by the proposed formula are in good agreement with those of the site measurement.     

Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.     

Wet aggregate stability as affected by excess carbonate and other soil properties

Aggregate stability is a fundamental property influencing soil erodibility and hydraulic characteristics. Knowledge of soil components controlling aggregate stability is very important to soil structure conservation. The objective of this study, which was carried out in surface soils from central Greece, was to relate wet aggregate stability to selected soil properties, with emphasis on excessive free carbonate content. The wet‐sieving technique of air‐dried aggregates was used for structural stability evaluation, according to a test that calculates an instability index. The soils studied were developed on Tertiary marly parent material and ranged in calcium carbonate content from 5 to 641 g kg⁻¹. From the texture analysis before and after removal of carbonates, it was concluded that carbonates mainly contributed to total silt and sand fractions, that is to the mechanical fractions which, as a rule, negatively affect aggregate stability. The results of the correlation analysis showed that aggregate stability was positively affected by aluminosilicate clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and Al‐containing sesquioxides. Clay fraction from carbonates and total sand and silt negatively affected aggregate stability. CEC has been proved a very significant determinant of aggregate stability, which in a hyperbolic form relationship with instability index explained 78·9 per cent of aggregate stability variation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对学生职业发展能力的培养初探

文章探讨了构建黄山市农机校本校特色的机电专业教育模式,发挥职业教育为科技、经济的发展服务,为学生的能力发展服务的作用,说明了在对学生职业发展能力的培养工作中的一些困难与问题。     

2000-2010年鹤壁市生态足迹动态分析

生态足迹是一种定量测定人类对自然资源利用程度的新方法。为了客观反映鹤壁市市域资源消耗与供给状况,本研究引入生态足迹理论与方法,分析了鹤壁市近10年生态足迹和生态承载力的动态变化。结果表明,2000-2010年期间鹤壁市人均生态足迹呈递增趋势,由2000年的1.373 7 hm2/人增长到2010年的4.342 0hm2/人,年均增幅21.6%。化石能源用地是鹤壁市人均生态足迹增大的主要原因。人均生态承载力总体呈现下降趋势,由0.299 0 hm2/人降至0.280 5 hm2/人,降幅6.2%。人均生态足迹与人均生态承载力之比由2000年的4.59:1增至2010年的15.48:1。鹤壁市一直处于生态赤字状态,且呈加剧趋势,其发展处于不可持续状态。       

A New Beam Column Element of Space Framed Structures for Nonlinear Analysis of Geometric Material

An incremental virtual work equation of three dimensional(3D) beam column element is proposed based on the UL method. The geometric nonlinear tangent stiffness matrix for 3D beam column element is deduced with the consideration of warping, shear deformation and effects of moment spatial rotation. Material nonlinearity is addressed by introducing plastic hinges at the element ends. And the Orbison sectional strength is modified in order to consider the effects of torsion moment and warping. The elastic plastic tangent stiffness matrix is acquired as the element ends are in plastic phase based on the flow theory. With a case studied, it is shown that the model can be used to predict accurately the ultimate bearing capacity and instability mode of 3Dspace frames by only one or two elements, and address the effects of warping and shear deformations effectively.     

论人口、环境与可持续发展

运用社会生态学、经济伦理学和人口经济学等跨学科研究方法 ,揭示了人口环境系统的特征、动因及其容量。描述了人口对环境的压力和环境对人口的威胁。预测了全球与中国面临的人口环境挑战。     

中国棕榈藤业的能力建设

阐述了中国棕榈藤业在国际贸易、组织机构、科研知识、种质资源收集保存和知识传播等方面的建设成绩,分析仍然存在的问题并提出增强产品设计和创新竞争力、稳定国际市场、开拓国内市场、建立棕榈藤种植补偿机制等建议。