4种木材常温下醛和萜烯挥发物的释放

利用高效液相色谱仪和气相色谱仪分析4种木材(杉木、杨木、马尾松和尾叶桉)中有机挥发物的成分及含量,结果表明:4种木材生材常温均可释放多种醛和萜烯挥发物,其中乙醛的释放量最高;杉木和杨木释放的醛类明显高于马尾松和尾叶桉;杉木释放的萜烯类明显高于其他3种木材;温度由20 ℃上升到40 ℃,杉木醛类和萜烯类释放量显著增加.     

Properties of red maple laminated veneer lumber impregnated with waterborne micronized and two soluble copper formulations

ABSTRACT

Certain important quality parameters of red maple (Acer rubrum) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) impregnated with three waterborne formulations: copper azole (CA-B), micronized copper azole (MicroCA or MCA) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ-D) bonded with phenol formaldehyde or cross-linked polyvinyl acetate (XPVAc) adhesives were evaluated. Pre-dipping of veneers before LVL production and two post-manufacturing procedures, viz., vacuum-pressure and post-dipping of LVL, were applied. Maximum copper retention in pre-dip-treated, vacuum-pressure and post-dip-treated LVL was 1.4, 9.7 and 1.7?kg/m³, respectively. Copper retention in MCA-treated LVL was relatively lower than soluble formulations. Various physical, mechanical and bonding properties of treated LVL such as density, water absorption, swelling, flexural properties, hardness, tensile shear strength, delamination and wood failure (%) were studied and compared with untreated LVL. Little to negligible deleterious effect was observed on properties of LVL due to these chemical treatments. Analysis of variance results showed that most of properties of red maple LVL were not significantly different compared with those of untreated LVL. Therefore, vacuum-pressure impregnation process can be used to treat the red maple LVL with novel micronized copper formulations for increasing the service life of such products against biodegradation without affecting techno-mechanical quality parameters.     

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Anoplophom glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration.     

Liquefaction and product identification of main chemical compositions of wood in phenol

To clarify liquefaction ratios and their construction variations of the main chemical compositions of wood in phenol using phosphoric acid as a catalyst, the chemical ingredients of wood such as holocellulose, cellulose and lignin, were measured and extracted according to GB methods. With Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, the product identification of reactant before and after liquefaction in phenol was investigated. The molecular weights and their distributions of the liquefaction results （acetone soluble parts） were studied by gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. Results show that the molecular weights and their distributions of poplar and Chinese fir are almost the same. In poplar, the distribution of cellulose is the largest, and that ofholocellulose the smallest after liquefaction. For Chinese fir, the distribution of holocellulose is the largest, and that of cellulose the smallest. After liquefaction of poplar cellulose, the change bands of FTIR spectrum observed below 1 600 cm^-1, can be attributed to new substitute groups. The same is true for poplar lignin. For Chinese fir, the spectra of liquefaction results of all chemical compositions differ from that of wood meal. This reveals the more activity groups were produced because of the reactions between Chinese fir and phenol. The research shows that the liquefaction ratios of poplar decrease in the following order： holocellulose 〉 lignin 〉 cellulose, and those of Chinese fir in the order： lignin 〉 cellulose 〉 holocellulose.     

虫害诱导家榆挥发物的日释放节律分析

以家榆为试验对象,分析挥发物的组分与日释放节律,结果表明:家榆的挥发物共有24种化合物,包含有醇类、烷类、酯类和萜烯类等。挥发物的释放存在昼高夜低的现象,在上午时释放量会迅速增加,到中午达到最大,然后在下午、晚上逐渐减少;在由明转暗时,挥发物的释放有一个短暂的爆发。挥发物的日夜释放节律与害虫天敌的活动规律相符,可能是植物发挥主动防御的结果。     

鹿角杜鹃开花过程中挥发性成分的变化

利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法,对鹿角杜鹃Rhododendron latoucheae花朵在花蕾期、半开放期、盛开期及凋落期4个开花期的挥发性成分进行了定性和相对定量分析,研究了鹿角杜鹃花香成分的种类和变化情况.结果表明,在鹿角杜鹃花朵开放的4个时期中共检测出37种挥发性成分,这些挥发性成分种类在开花过程中呈升高...     

基于GC-MS和电子鼻的面粉中粮虫快速检测方法

储粮害虫会降低粮食及其产品的重量、品质和营养健康指数,并且我国粮虫检测方式仍然以人工检测为主。为满足储粮害虫快速检测的需求,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）获得了赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum（Herbst））的主要特定挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）,根据这些化合物的性质筛选出多个金属氧化物气敏传感器,并以传感器阵列为核心开发了储粮害虫电子鼻检测装置。该装置采集了赤拟谷盗、被赤拟谷盗侵染的面粉、被长头谷盗（Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse）侵染的面粉3种实验对象的气味信息,提取每条响应曲线的相对变化值和相对积分值作为原始特征矩阵（10×2）,使用主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘回归算法（PLSR）对原始特征矩阵进行分析,并通过建立回归预测模型,实现了对面粉中赤拟谷盗和长头谷盗虫口密度的预测。优化后的传感器数量由10个减少至8个,赤拟谷盗样品的两个主成分累计的贡献率为79.4%。基于PLSR的预测模型对面粉中赤拟谷盗的数量有很好的预测效果（校正集：相关系数r=0.88,均方根误差为8.09;验证集：r=0.89,均方根误差为7.75）;该预测模型对面粉中长头谷盗的数量也有很好的预测效果（校正集：r=0.94,均方根误差为5.85;验证集：r=0.94,均方根误差为6.08）。研究结果表明：该装置能够满足判别储粮中不同虫口密度样本的基本需要,并且具有可靠的稳定性。     

臭氧气浮漂洗对鲢鱼糜挥发性成分的影响

为探究臭氧气浮漂洗对鲢鱼糜的除腥效果,以鲢鱼糜为试验材料,采用电子鼻结合顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测分析传统漂洗和臭氧气浮漂洗后鲢鱼糜的挥发性成分,寻找其腥味来源。结果显示:鲢鱼糜中共检测到24种挥发性物质。与传统漂洗鱼糜相比,经过臭氧气浮漂洗后,鱼糜中挥发性成分减少,己醛、庚醛、壬醛、癸醛、1-辛烯-3-醇等对鱼腥味贡献较大物质的相对含量皆有所降低,而1-甲基-4-硝甲基-哌啶和5-甲基-2-苯基-吲哚等其他化合物并未被检测出。电子鼻的PCA分析结果与HS-SPME-GC-MS检测结果相一致。结果表明,使用臭氧气浮漂洗鱼糜相比传统漂洗可有效减轻鱼糜腥味,漂洗时间应控制在10～15 min。     

滴灌条件下毒死蜱在土层中迁移转化规律及其对土壤微生物特性的影响

为了解滴灌条件下毒死蜱在土壤中的迁移转化规律,采用土柱模拟试验,研究了滴灌条件下种植作物、代森锌消毒和不同土壤含水率对毒死蜱的分布及土壤酶活性和土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明：施用于表层的毒死蜱在施用初期主要残留在10 cm以上土层,随着时间的增加,而发生降解并向下迁移。土壤中3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶酚（TCP,毒死蜱的主要代谢产物）含量在0.1~1.5 mg·kg^-1之间,施药30 d后,40 cm土层中毒死蜱和TCP均有检出。不同处理下,毒死蜱含量在10 cm以上土层存在较大差异,TCP含量在20 cm以上土层存在一定差异。消毒抑制毒死蜱的降解,作物根系促进土壤微生物繁殖,有利于毒死蜱的降解。土壤含水率对10 cm土层毒死蜱含量有较大影响,在未消毒和种植作物处理中,最强的毒死蜱降解分别发生在土壤含水率为80%和70%处理中。毒死蜱和TCP对微生物以抑制作用为主,不同处理的抑制程度不同。毒死蜱在低浓度时对过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性有激活作用,高浓度时存在抑制作用,作物的存在减弱了毒死蜱对两种酶活性的影响。毒死蜱的降解与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性有关,种植作物改变了毒死蜱和土壤碱性磷酸酶的分布。代森锌消毒对过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性有激活作用,对碱性磷酸酶活性有一定抑制作用。