Spoilage of Lightly Salted Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Roe at 5 ° C

Abstract

Lightly salted lumpfish roe (3.5–4.8% fw/w] salt in the water-phase, pH 5.4, vacuum-packed) was stored at 5°C. After 2 1/2 or 3 months of storage, different degrees of spoilage, caused by bacterial activity, occurred in eleven roe batches. Off-odors ranged from no or very weak odors to strong sulphury, sour odors. The microflora consisted of lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrio spp. Concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, trimethylamine and total volatile bases were unrelated to spoilage odors. Volatile sulfur compounds (H₂S, probably CS₂, CH₃SH and CH₃CH₂SH or CH3SCH3), produced during storage, appeared to be contributors to spoilage odors.     

Triton X-100对漆酶处理苯酚的影响

研究了Triton X-100对漆酶氧化去除水溶液中苯酚的作用.苯酚和漆酶浓度分别是50 mg/L和 0.05 mg/mL时，提高苯酚去除率的Triton X-100最佳浓度是155 μM．Triton X-100的浓度从31~930 μM时漆酶活性随之增长，在930 μM Triton X-100存在时有最大增值17%.苯酚的初始浓度分别为50, 100, 200, 400和600 mg/L 时，155 μM Triton X-100作用下6 h后，苯酚去除率分别是对照组的1.2, 1.6, 3.4, 4.5和5.7倍.结果表明Triton X-100可以作为水处理或修复过程的添加剂来提高由漆酶催化的苯酚去除率.     

蝴蝶兰外植体褐变发生与总酚含量、PPO、POD和PAL的关系

 蝴蝶兰外植体在褐变发生前期PPO和POD活力皆升高, 褐变发生后酶活力下降。同工酶谱分析发现, 培养0 d的蝴蝶兰外植体PPO没有酶带出现, 而POD有1条弱带。离体培养2 d POD出现3条酶带, 第4天有新酶带Ⅰ发生, 随后消失, 其余3条带, 随培养天数的延长, 酶带活性渐弱。PPO同工酶谱在培养2 d出现3条酶带, 迁移率为0128的酶带Ⅲ在培养4 d活性较强, 随后3条酶带减弱。总酚含量和PAL活力随外植体褐变增强而逐渐增加, 两者呈现极显著正相关。     

Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines

The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation on vine water relations, vegetative growth, plant microclimate, berry composition and yield components, compared to conventional deficit irrigation (DI, 50% ETc), full irrigation (FI, 100% of ETc) and non-irrigated vines (NI). The study was undertaken in mature ‘Moscatel’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Pegões, South of Portugal. Compared to the other irrigated treatments, PRD vines showed a better microclimate at the cluster zone with higher incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Within the more open canopies of NI and PRD treatments, berry temperatures were higher than those of denser ones (DI and FI). Compared to the conventional irrigation technique the better microclimate observed in PRD vines was a consequence of a reduction in vine growth, where lower values of leaf layer number, leaf area, canopy wideness, water shoots and shoot weight were observed. In PRD vines we observed a tendency to a development of a deeper root system, while DI and FI showed a more homogeneous root distribution throughout the different soil layers. PRD showed an improvement in berry quality with higher values of flavour precursors, and total phenols concentration without any significant yield reduction compared to DI and FI.     

肉桂挥发油的提取与应用研究

以肉桂为材料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肉桂挥发油,并对其挥发油的主要应用进行研究,分别考察了蒸馏时间和加水量两种因素对挥发油提取率的影响。并通过实验证明肉桂挥发油对大肠杆菌具有抑菌作用。     

固相微萃取-气质联用法测定紫苏子挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取法(SPME)萃取紫苏子的挥发性物质，经气相色谱－质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测，结果表明，紫苏子的挥发性成分主要由石竹烯、紫苏醛、a-石竹烯、柠檬烯、临氨基苯甲酸沉香酯、4-乙烯基－4-甲基－3-异丙烯基－1-异丙基－环己烯、(E,E)-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-异丙基-1,6-环癸二烯、2,6-二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-戊基)双环[3.1.1]己-2-烯、1,4-二乙基-1,4-二甲基-2,5-环己二烯等组成，其中石竹烯相对含量最高（41.2 %），紫苏醛次之(12.38 %)。     

内标法同时测定挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸的方法探究

选用巴豆酸作为内标物,以内标标准曲线法定量,探讨无需任何前处理便能同时测定挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸的最佳色谱条件。用HP-INNOWAX(19091N-133)毛细管柱,以高纯氮作为载气,用氢火焰离子化检测器对挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸进行测定。结果表明:其理想检测条件为载气总压力160kPa,气化室温度250℃,检测室温度270℃,柱温采用程序升温法,初始温度120℃,然后以10℃/min升温速率升至220℃,保持2min。     

圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发行为及生理生化指标的影响

选择城市绿化重要树种圆柏为研究对象,探讨北美圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发活动及其生理生化指标的影响及挥发性物质与环境间的关系。采用旷场分析法,将入组的30只昆明小鼠分成3组:对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,低剂量组和高剂量组分别对应地暴露于210 g和420 g圆柏枝叶中,每天4 h,连续处理6 d,观察小鼠各行为指标,结合医学手段分析小鼠相应的生理生化指标。结果表明,小鼠的中央格运动路程、总路程及中央格运动时间都呈现一定的剂量反应;体质量呈稳定增长趋势;生理指标正常,生化指标有部分超出正常范围。经低浓度枝叶挥发物处理的小鼠兴奋性增强,探究和认知能力增强,且其食欲没有受到影响,但是引起部分生化指标的异常,其作用机制还需进一步的探索。研究结果为圆柏作为生态保健树用于城市森林人居环境建设绿化配置提供科学依据。     

萃取大红袍花椒挥发油的研究

利用超临界CO2萃取装置，采用动态萃取的方法，研究了压力、温度、萃取时间等因子对花椒挥发油萃取的影响，为规模化生产及其相关研究提供了科学依据。研究表明，样品200g粒度40目，最佳的萃取条件为：压力33MPa，温度55℃，时间1．0h，花椒挥发油萃取率为10．2％。气-质联用分析花椒挥发油结果表明，挥发油为3-甲基-2氮杂芴、γ-萜品烯、3-蒈烯等31种化舍物组成。其中3-甲基-2-氮杂芴含量最高，达到18．63％。     

拟单性木兰属种子形态、化学鉴别的研究

采用种子外观形态观察、苯酚染色法和愈伤木酚染色法对木兰科拟单性木兰属的乐东拟单性木兰、云南拟单性木兰、光叶拟单性木兰的种子作了区别鉴定,结果表明:3个种的种子外观形态有一定差别,但差异表现不稳定.利用苯酚和愈伤木酚染色法可以通过处理后溶液的不同显色反应区分3个种的种子.