BHK21悬浮细胞在2～8 ℃下短期保存的研究

用密度为5×106个/mL左右的BHK21悬浮细胞为实验原料,在2～8℃条件下静置保存,分别在24、48、72、96 h取样并计数,绘制细胞密度和细胞活力的曲线图,并进行统计学分析.在整个试验培养阶段细胞保持良好状态,趋势线呈平行直线,细胞密度和细胞活力均没有下降.说明BHK21悬浮细胞在2～8℃条件下,在96 h内短期保存时,细胞未出现活力降低或死亡的现象.     

梅州山樱花与台湾樱花花部性状的比较研究

以梅州明山自然生长的山樱花和从台湾引进并种植于明山樱花园的绯寒樱、八重樱和吉野樱为试材,对其花形、花色和花粉活力等花部性状进行了观测。结果表明,梅州山樱花的花梗较短,花瓣较小;花萼长于绯寒樱和八重樱,但明显短于吉野樱;花朵短于吉野樱而长于八重樱;山樱花与其他3种樱花的花萼、花瓣、花丝和花柱颜色有不同程度的差异。野生山樱花、绯寒樱和吉野樱的花粉活力没有明显差异;八重樱的花粉活力显著低于野生樱(p<0.01)和绯寒樱(p<0.05),而与吉野樱相比则没有显著性差异。     

Physiological Responses of Contrasting Rice Genotypes to Salt Stress at Reproductive Stage

Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and productivity. Considerable genetic variation is present in rice in response to salt stress, with higher sensitivity during early seedling and reproductive stage. In this study, physiological changes in leaves and developing panicles of rice genotypes(IR686, Sadri, Rc222, CSR28, IR670 and Pokkali) contrasting in salt tolerance at the reproductive stage were evaluated in greenhouse experiment under salt stress. The results showed that IR670 and the tolerant-check Pokkali maintained lower Na~+/K~+ ratio, less reduction in chlorophyll concentration, lower malondialdehyde(MDA) production, higher concentrations of reduced ascorbate(reduced AsA), higher proline accumulation and lower percentage reduction in pollen viability than the salt-sensitive genotypes under salt stress. The higher concentration of reduced AsA suggests an efficient ROS-scavenging system. Physiological measurements and pollen viability analysis revealed that Sadri(moderately tolerant at the seedling stage) is sensitive to salt stress at the flowering stage. The findings will be useful in breeding salt tolerant varieties at both seedling and reproductive stages by selecting appropriate genotypes and phenotypes.     

贮藏温度和贮藏时间对垂柳种子生活力的影响

以成熟的垂柳种子为材料,测定了不同贮藏温度和不同贮藏时间下垂柳种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数等生活力指标的变化,以探索贮藏温度和贮藏时间对垂柳种子生活力的影响。结果表明:适当的低温-10℃、-5℃、4℃可以延缓垂柳种子的劣变,延长其贮藏时间;常温20℃与极低温-20℃条件下会降低种子的生活力,表现为活力指数降低;随贮藏天数的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数表现出先升高后降低的趋势,发芽速则是先降低后升高。常温20℃贮藏7天种子发芽率显著下降,在-5℃贮藏3天的条件下种子生活力最强,可应用于垂柳种子萌发及人工种苗培育的实践中。     

Potential factors controlling the population viability of newly introduced endangered marble trout populations

While several population viability analyses (PVAs) have been performed on anadromous salmonids, less attention has been given to stream-living salmonids. In this work, we explore the role of PVA as a tool in the recovery of threatened stream-living salmonid species. The analysis has been performed with reference to marble trout Salmo marmoratus, a salmonid with a limited geographic distribution and at risk of extinction due to hybridization with the non-native introduced brown trout. Demographic parameters, such as survival, fecundity and density-dependent patterns were estimated from an eight year on-going monitoring program of two translocated marble trout populations in pristine, previously fishless streams (Zakojska and Gorska) in the Soca and Idrijca river basins (Slovenia). To explore the importance of disturbance events such as floods on marble trout population dynamics, we performed a PVA under three scenarios: (1) occurrence of both severe and moderate floods; (2) occurrence of only moderate floods; (3) no flood events. Our analysis shows that population viability is threatened only by severe flood events, otherwise the two populations prove to be fairly stable with population abundance fluctuating around stream carrying capacity. A sensitivity analysis performed on model parameters highlighted that density-dependence in first-year survival and the magnitude of reduction in population size after a severe flood are the two most crucial parameters affecting population abundance and quasi-extinction probability, respectively. While only extreme floods can drive the population to extinction, the increase in juvenile survival when population abundance collapses after a major flood may allow the populations to quickly recover from few reproductive individuals back to stream carrying capacity.     

Assessing the extinction vulnerability of wood-inhabiting fungal species in fragmented northern Swedish boreal forests

Fragmentation of old-growth forests and greatly reduced amounts of coarse dead wood in managed forests threat the persistence of many saproxylic species in boreal Fennoscandia. Individual old-growth forest remnants may lose species over time as they pay off their extinction debt. We tested this by comparing the observed site occupancy of individual wood-inhabiting fungal species in isolated old-growth stands (i.e. woodland key habitats; WKHs) with statistical predictions of their occupancy assuming potential extinction debt had already been paid off. The occupancy of species was analysed in two sets of WKHs differing in time since isolation (i.e. recent and old isolates).Few species occurred more frequently than expected in WKHs. However, patterns across species and across all WKHs masked important differences among species in their risk of facing future extinction. The site occupancy decreased significantly between recent and old isolates for a group of annual, red-listed specialist fungal species, suggesting that an extinction debt in WKHs may exist among specific species confined to coarse dead wood and old-growth forest habitat. Generalist species that also occur in the surrounding matrix showed no negative trends, or actually increased in site occupancy, making future extinctions less likely. Thus, continuing loss of threatened species are likely if not preservation of WKHs are combined with other conservation efforts in managed forest landscapes. Natural forest landscapes may serve as important references when aiming to identify species in risk of future extinction but more detailed knowledge about the biology of the most vulnerable species is also required.     

蜂胶抗炎功效成分研究

为确定中国杨属型蜂胶的抗炎功效成分,用100ng/ml脂多糖(LPS)和40μg/ml氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)分别诱导脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤。通过SRB法分别检测蜂胶水提物中分离的11种组分和蜂胶乙酸乙酯提取物中分离的8段组分对2种炎症细胞模型细胞存活率的影响。结果表明:蜂胶水提物中的11种组分不同程度的促进2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率,乙酸乙酯提取物中的8段组分也是不同程度的提高2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率。由此可知,蜂胶的抗炎功效成分十分复杂,很可能是多种成分协同功效的结果,而且酚酸类物质发挥了一定的作用。     

Methods to improve the fertility of poinsettia

‘Success’ or ‘Red Splendor’ plants propagated by shoot tip culture or embryogenesis had higher pollen germination than those propagated by cutting. All clones of ‘Pepride’, ‘Peter Star’ and ‘Nobel Star’ propagated by cutting or by embryogenesis or shoot tip culture did not have viable pollen. ‘Peter Star’ mutants through mutagenesis could recover pollen viability. When both parents were propagated by tissue culture, fruit set increased compared to when one or both parents were propagated by cuttings. Furthermore, the number of the harvested seeds doubled per pollination set, when the tissue culture parents were used instead of cutting-propagation plants.     

辣椒在不同温度条件下萌发特性的研究

用5种温度（15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃）处理（以25℃处理为对照）,研究各温度下“湘辣妹”尖椒品种种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数的变化规律,为生产应用提供依据。结果表明：“湘辣妹”尖椒品种种子的发芽适宜温度范围为25-30℃,最佳发芽温度为25℃。     

Influence of coadministration of β-mercaptoethanol and nitroglycerin on cell viability of peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary heart disease

AIM: To observe the effects and mechanisms of nitroglycerin (NTG) on cell viability and β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) on ameliorating nitrate tolerance of peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in coronary heart disease (CAD) patients.METHODS: We studied 75 patients with diagnosis of coronary artery disease who were assigned to control group and NTG group. EPCs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO^-) production were measured by ELISA. EPCs were cultured in vitro with NTG and β-ME stimulation. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The levels of VEGF-A, ONOO^- and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by ELISA and DCFH-DA assay. The protein levels of Akt,p-Akt,endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and p-eNOS were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the circulating EPCs levels were significantly lowered, plasma ONOO^- production was vitally increased, but there was a markedly decrease of VEGF-A production in the patients treated with excess NTG(P<0.05). Moderate dose of NTG increased the viability of EPCs, VEGF-A production, and phosphorylated protein levels of Akt and eNOS. Excess NTG was shown to reverse the effect of moderate dose of NTG, but β-ME improved the adverse effect of excess NTG. CONCLUSION: Moderate dose of NTG effectively promotes EPCs viability by PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and β-ME improves NTG-induced tolerance by reducing oxidative stress and up-regulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.