安哥拉山羊级进杂交后代生活力初步观察

对安哥拉山羊及其级进杂交后代的生长发育、繁殖力、抗病性、采食习性等进行初步观察研究，结果表明：在试验场良好的饲养条件下，各代杂种羊生长发育正常，但繁殖力、抗病性、采食能力随级进杂交代数的增加有降低的趋势。据此，笔者认为，在陕北特定的生态经济条件下，培育毛用山羊新品种，级进杂交代数不宜太高，到Ｆ３代应停止级进，进行横交固定，而且在整个育种中，应始终注意饲养问题，以保证新品种培育成功。     

贮藏条件对郁金香花粉生命力的影响

以花粉萌发率为指标,研究了6种贮藏条件对4个品种的郁金香花粉生命力的影响.结果表明:不同品种的郁金香花粉生命力不同.贮藏温度对郁金香花粉生命力有很大影响,-18℃ 冷冻条件有利于保持郁金香花粉生命力,0～2℃冷藏条件次之,20～25℃常温条件最差.贮藏湿度对郁金香花粉也有影响,在常温和冷藏条件下,干燥条件比非干燥条件更有利于郁金香花粉生命力的保持.     

桂花花粉活力测定与''''晚籽银''''桂柱头可授性分析

采用TTC、无机酸和离体萌发等方法测定了不同桂花品种的花粉活力,用联苯胺一过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,用扫描电镜观察了'晚籽银'桂柱头的分泌物.结果表明TTC、无机酸法不适合用于桂花花粉活力的测定,而用一定浓度的蔗糖、硼酸制成的固体培养基则能较好地测定花粉活力.桂花的不同品种和不同的开花期其花粉活力均具有显著差异.'晚籽银'桂的柱头为湿型柱头,在整个花期中均具有较强的可授性.'晚籽银'桂属雌蕊先熟型,其花粉活力与柱头可授性有4-5 d的相遇期.     

4种木兰科植物花粉生活力的测定

采用染色法对4种木兰科植物花粉的生活力进行了测定，结果表明，4种木兰科植物花粉的生活力较高，除美毛含笑为70．8％，其余均在90％以上。     

Viability retention of seeds of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) on the trees after maturity

In 1991 and 1992 studies on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. showed the availability of ample amount of viable seed from November to May. Viability of seeds collected from December to March was more than 90 per cent. There was a slight but significant decrease in germination from March to may. Again germination per cent was slightly and significantly decreased from May to July. Thereafter, seed availability and viability were got drastically reduced. Sufficient viable seed of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. can be collected at any time from November to July.     

不同贮藏时间及花瓣张开角度对番茄花粉活力的影响

为了研究不同贮藏时间及花瓣张开角度对花粉活力的影响,采用I2-KI染色法和蔗糖培养基培养法对花瓣张开角度为A(0°~45°)、B(45°~90°)和C(90°~180°)的番茄花粉活力及花粉管长度进行测定。试验结果表明,不同贮藏时间及花瓣张开不同角度间的花粉活力存在显著差异。花瓣张开角度A的花粉活力随着贮藏时间增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,以室温贮藏3 d的花粉染色率最高。花瓣张开角度B和C则以采摘当天活力最强,5 d后所有花粉活力均低于5%,基本丧失萌发能力。新采摘的有活力花粉散落于蔗糖15 g/L+H3BO30.03 g/L+CaCl20.02 g/L+琼脂6 g/L的培养基表面,1~2 min即开始萌动,20 min时,花粉管长度已达到花粉粒直径的2.75倍,60 min时达到7.5倍。花粉管在培养基上相互接触会出现相互作用,抑制部分花粉管生长。     

Seasonal shift in spawning of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) by photoperiod manipulation: egg quality in relation to temperature and intensive larval rearing

Commercial intensive fry production of Atlantic cod will be dependent on production of viable eggs independent of season. This can only be done by manipulation of maturation by photoperiod, but little is known about potential effects on egg characteristics and larval viability. In two cod broodstocks, maturation was successfully advanced or delayed 6 months compared with normal spawning season (March–April) by manipulation of photoperiod. The advanced broodstock spawned both in spring and autumn the same year. In two of the spawning tanks during autumn, ambient temperature was reduced after reaching 13.7°C during the first half of the spawning period. Egg quality and viability were monitored, and several egg batches were incubated, hatched and start‐fed for examination of growth and survival. Temperatures above 9.6°C resulted in significant reductions in fertilization and normal egg development. Concurrently, fractions of dead and unfertilized eggs increased with elevated temperature. Actual relative fecundity was not affected by temperature. Egg characteristics improved when temperature was controlled and lowered below 9.6°C. Occurrence of irregular spawners suggests that handling of broodstock fish should be avoided during maturation and spawning. Cod larvae originating from eggs of the advanced or delayed broodstocks were successfully reared beyond metamorphosis. Survival was 9.0–46.6% and 29.3% in green and clear water respectively. Survival correlated with both initial and average feeding conditions, but growth rate did not correlate with either of survival and feeding conditions. Specific growth rates (8.3–13.6% day⁻¹) is comparable with other intensive rearing trials with cod, but were lower than reported from nature‐like systems.     

高温胁迫对玉米自交系父本花粉生活力的影响

以中种集团提供的10份骨干玉米自交系父本花粉为试验材料,通过TTC染色法和离体培养法,研究不同胁迫温度对花粉生活力的影响。结果表明,玉米花粉不易储藏,高温胁迫会导致花粉生活力显著下降,在35℃胁迫处理6 h之后花粉生活力全部丧失;在40℃胁迫处理4 h之后有8个自交系的花粉丧失生活力。TTC染色法和离体培养法均能有效测定玉米花粉生活力,离体培养法测得的花粉生活力低于用TTC法测得的水平。     

3种核桃花粉生活力的比较研究

花粉具有生命力是确保核桃(Juglans regia L.)杂交育种成功的重要条件之一。然而,不同品种的核桃雄花序开花时间不同,而且大多会比雌花蕊需要授粉的时间要早一些。由于花期不同,用不同的花粉进行授粉有时需要保存雄花粉。为了明确不同核桃品种花粉保存的时间及保存方法,选用了西林3号、西洛3号和香玲3个核桃品种的花粉进行试验,把它们分别放在室温和4℃冰箱冷藏,用MTT染色法测定其活力随时间的变化情况。结果表明,不同核桃品种花粉生活力存在差异;放在冰箱里的核桃花粉的生活力保存时间较长,可以达到10 d左右,而放在室温下的只能保存6 d左右。