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21.
无籽瓯柑Citrus suavissima 'Seedless'是浙江省新选育的柑橘良种.从花粉的角度对无籽瓯柑、普通瓯柑Citrus suavissima,处红柚Citrus grandis 'Chuhong'和翡翠柚的Citrus grandis的花粉进行了花粉形态观测、花粉量测定、花粉生活力测定及花粉发芽试验等比较研究,试图探索无籽瓯柑无籽的原因.结果表明,4个品种的花药数相近,但无籽瓯柑的花药上罕见自然散发的花粉;无籽瓯柑和普通瓯柑的花粉量接近,两者无明显差异;翡翠柚的花粉量是4个品种中数量最多的,大约是瓯柑的4倍和处红柚的2倍;普通瓯柑花粉的生活力与翡翠柚和处红柚的花粉生活力相当,无籽瓯柑花粉的生活力略低;无籽瓯柑在培养基上不发芽,而普通瓯柑、处红柚和翡翠柚的花粉发芽率在蔗糖质量分数为100 g·kg-1和150 g·kg-1的培养基上接近.无籽瓯柑无籽是因为其花药上罕有自然散发的花粉以及花粉难发芽造成的.图1表3参13 相似文献
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对安哥拉山羊及其级进杂交后代的生长发育、繁殖力、抗病性、采食习性等进行初步观察研究,结果表明:在试验场良好的饲养条件下,各代杂种羊生长发育正常,但繁殖力、抗病性、采食能力随级进杂交代数的增加有降低的趋势。据此,笔者认为,在陕北特定的生态经济条件下,培育毛用山羊新品种,级进杂交代数不宜太高,到F3代应停止级进,进行横交固定,而且在整个育种中,应始终注意饲养问题,以保证新品种培育成功。 相似文献
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用过氧化氢法快速测定林木种子生活力的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用过氧化氢法快速测定杉林、马尾松、火炬松种子的生活力。结果表明,用该法测定杉木、马尾松种子的生活力,所得结果与标准发芽测定所得发芽率之间没有显著差异;但火炬松不宜用该法测定生活力。过氧化氢法的优点是操作简便,成本低,适于基层单位应用。 相似文献
28.
Abscisic acid, gibberellin and cell viability in cereal aleurone 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Paul C. Bethke Angelika Fath Yoav N. Spiegel Yong-sic Hwang Russell L. Jones 《Euphytica》2002,126(1):3-11
The aleurone layer of cereals is a secretory tissue whose activity is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs).
Whereas GA triggers enzyme synthesis and secretion and initiates a program that culminates in cell death, ABA prevents enzyme
production and cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in regulating cell viability and GA sensitizes the
aleurone cell to ROS. Sensitivity of GA-treated cells results in part from a reduction in steady-state amounts of mRNAs encoding
enzymes that scavenge ROS. mRNAs encoding catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase are almost undetectable
in aleurone layers 24 h after incubation in GA. For layers incubated in ABA, however, the amounts of these mRNAs increase.
Western blotting and enzyme activity assays confirm that GA but not ABA reduced the amount and activity of ROS scavenging
enzymes (Fath et al., 2001b). Substantial amounts of ROS are produced by enzymes engaged in lipid metabolism, and by the electron
transport chain in the mitochondria. Aleurone layers contain abundant stores of triglycerides and ROS are produced as these
lipids are rapidly converted to sugars. We hypothesize that the ROS produced in GA-treated aleurone cells bring about cell
death by disrupting the plasma membrane. Aleurone cells incubated in ABA, on the other hand, are better able to maintain redox
balance. ABA does not initiate rapid triglyceride metabolism, and the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes remain high in
ABA-treated cells. We conclude that GA initiates a metabolic cascade in aleurone cells that results in death from ROS. ABA
maintains viability by keeping ROS under control.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
29.
Establishment of reliable methods of in vitro pollen germination and pollen preservation of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A simple and reliable method for evaluating the viability of Brassica pollen was established in which the in vitro germination
rate of pollen was adopted as the index of the viability of pollen grains. Pollen grains were preincubated in an atmosphere
in which the relative humidity (RH) was fixed to 52% or 66% at 20 °C for 5 hours. They were cultured for 16 hours at 25 °C
in a liquid Kwack's medium (1964) supplemented with 20% sucrose, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0. They were then observed under
a microscope and the number of germinating and unchanged pollen grains were counted. The germination rate of pollen was improved
and stabilized by preincubation and the use of a high pH medium. More than 90% of the freshly harvested pollen grains of Brassica
rapa (syn. B. campestris) germinated constantly in these conditions Undehisced anthers were collected from flowers at anthesis
and dehydrated by incubation at 20 °C for 16–24 hours in an atmosphere where the RH was fixed to 15% or 32%. They were put
into a plastic vial and preserved in a freezer at -20 °C. The germination percentage of the preserved pollen was scored at
intervals during preservation. The germination rate of the pollen grains preserved at -20°C for 1 year was higher than 50%
and the pollen proved to be efficient for seed set. Most of the seeds germinated normally.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
30.
为了给酸枣花器官研究、花粉生活力的快速测定提供理论依据,笔者测定了不同的酸枣类型花器官结构、花粉形态及花粉萌发率和生活力的差异。结果表明:(1)不同的酸枣类型花序花朵数、花冠直径、蜜盘直径、雄蕊长度等方面都有不同程度的差异。花序花朵数一般在2~9个;单花雄蕊个数为5个;蜜盘颜色一般有淡黄色和黄绿色2种。(2)酸枣花粉比较小,通常在18.86~26.19 μm,以近球形为主,萌发孔以三孔沟居多。(3)不同的酸枣类型花粉的萌发率存在显著差异,其中酸枣4的萌发率最高,为32.54%;TTC法和I-KI法测定的花粉生活力显著高于离体培养法,测定值误差较大,故离体培养法更适合酸枣花粉生活力的测定。 相似文献