实施兽药GSP的现实需求分析

从现实需求的角度出发,建议国家根据《兽药管理条例》和《兽药经营质量管理规范》,在全国范围内尽快组织开展兽药GSP认证工作,从而提高经营环节的兽药质量,保证动物疫病防治和动物性产品安全,保护广大养殖农民及养殖户的根本利益,维护人民群众的合法权益和身体健康。     

兽药新剂型与新技术的应用与发展

系统阐述了兽药新剂型中的缓控释制剂、经皮制剂、脂质体制剂、微囊制剂、纳米混悬剂、亚微乳制剂,以及固体分散、包合、乳化等新技术在兽药领域的应用。     

我国兽药企业核心竞争力的研究

介绍了核心竞争力的概念、特征及其识别,建立了兽药企业核心竞争力的评价指标体系和评价方法,并对3个兽药企业进行了实证研究,为企业战略管理和政府部门的决策提供有益的参考。     

恩诺沙星的拉曼光谱解析

为获得恩诺沙星特征拉曼峰的归属信息,建立快速、灵敏的定性分析方法,采用共焦显微激光拉曼技术,测得了恩诺沙星的拉曼散射图谱,并对其各个特征峰进行指认归属.实验表明,恩诺沙星的O-C-O在1 394.9 cm-1处的对称伸缩振动十分强烈.环丙基的CH2在3 005cm-1,3 069.4 cm-1处的对称与非对称伸缩振动非...     

七种常用渔药及组合对罗非鱼致病性海豚链球菌的体外抗菌试验

探讨了7种常用抗菌渔药对罗非鱼致病性海豚链球菌的体内外抗菌作用。采用二倍稀释法测定了7种渔药对致病菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）;在初筛基础上以MIC为单位,1×MIC、5×MIC、10×MIC和20×MIC下平板抑菌圈直径为参数,分别比较所筛选5种药物抗菌效果并优化最佳参数;利用优化的最佳参数比较5种药物单独用药与联合用药对海豚链球菌的抑菌效果;并通过拌饵投喂给药方式对罗非鱼进行5种药物治疗性给药试验。结果表明,抗菌先锋对海豚链球菌的MIC和MBC最小,分别为6.4、12.8μg/mL,其次是伯乐立康,均为12.8μg/mL;而鱼康和肠炎烂鳃灵即使在1638.4μg/mL下也无抗菌效果。5倍MIC下抑菌圈直径为本试验筛选抗菌药物的最佳参数。5 MIC时,海豚链球菌对伯乐立康和抗菌先锋敏感,对菌必清、菌毒康和海鱼安中度敏感。菌毒康与海鱼安的联合抗菌效果最佳。鱼体内抗菌试验结果表明,抗菌先锋和伯乐立康的治疗有效率超过75%,达到了理想的治疗效果,是防治罗非鱼海豚链球菌病的首选药物。     

Use of veterinary drugs in intensive animal production

Background. Veterinary drugs are widely used in animal production and possibly reach soil and water through the excreta. There is only limited information concerning the environmental persistence of these substances. Tetracyclines represent the most frequently used antibiotics and accounted for more than 50% of the total amount of veterinary drugs employed through veterinary purchase orders in the Weser-Ems district in 1997. Objectives. It was therefore the objective of the present study to investigate the excretion patterns of tetracycline hydrochloride in pigs after oral application and to study the stability of tetracycline in pig slurry under different storage conditions. Methods 6 individually kept pigs were orally treated with two doses of tetracycline for 5 days and pooled excreta were regularly sampled. Stability testing was performed using 300 1 tanks which were spiked with 20 and 100 μg ml^-1 tetracycline and stored at different ambient temperatures for seven weeks. 181 random pig slurry samples were obtained from commercial farms. Tetracycline and its epimer 4-epi-tetracycline were detected using HPLC. Results Orally applied tetracyclines were rapidly excreted via feces and urine, and significant amounts (up to 72%) of the active ingredient which had initially been dispensed were recovered until the second day after the end of application. Individual animals continued to excrete tetracyclines over a longer period of time. Tetracycline hydrochloride demonstrated a distinct stability in slurry which was not significantly influenced by the initial concentration of the antibiotic, ambient temperature or aeration through repeated stirring. Half-lives ranged between 55 and 105 days. Conclusion Significant amounts of tetracycline are transferred to soil via manure application. There is considerable need for further research into environmental effects such as sorption and mobility, and microbiological changes. This is also the case for other substances which have not undergone valid environmental risk assessment.     

Transitioning to digital radiography

Objective – To describe the different forms of digital radiography (DR), image file formats, supporting equipment and services required for DR, storage of digital images, and teleradiology. Background – Purchasing a DR system is a major investment for a veterinary practice. Types of DR systems include computed radiography, charge coupled devices, and direct or indirect DR. Comparison of workflow for analog and DR is presented. Summary – On the surface, switching to DR involves the purchase of DR acquisition hardware. The X‐ray machine, table and grids used in analog radiography are the same for DR. Realistically, a considerable infrastructure supports the image acquisition hardware. This infrastructure includes monitors, computer workstations, a robust computer network and internet connection, a plan for storage and back up of images, and service contracts. Advantages of DR compared with analog radiography include improved image quality (when used properly), ease of use (more forgiving to the errors of radiographic technique), speed of making a complete study (important for critically ill patients), fewer repeat radiographs, less time looking for imaging studies, less physical storage space, and the ability to easily send images for consultation. Conclusions – With an understanding of the infrastructure requirements, capabilities and limitations of DR, an informed veterinary practice should be better able to make a sound decision about transitioning to DR.     

基于建设研究型大学目标下基础兽医学科的优化与整合

研究型大学在知识的生产与转化过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。吉林大学作为研究型大学,如何建设好兽医学专业,使其临床应用性得到更强发挥,兽医专业的基础研究更具竞争力,是教师关注的核心问题。为适应建设研究型大学的需要,对基础兽医学专业的研究方向进行了优化整合,逐步形成了转基因克隆动物、动物重要疫病分子病理与动物模型、动物生长发育调控、抗菌药物的分子药理学4个特色方向。就基础兽医学专业的地位和研究内容进行了探讨,并对整合后专业教学和相关实验的改革经验进行了阐述。     

弧菌对中华绒螯蟹蟹苗成活率的影响

用从中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）育苗水体及蟹体中分离出的10株优势菌，对Z1期和M期蟹苗进行了人工感染试验。结果表明，弧菌（Vibrio sp.）对蟹苗有一定的毒性作用，各菌株毒力大小存在差异，且同株弧菌对Z1期蟹苗的毒性大于对M期幼体。24种药物对弧菌的敏感试验表明，喹喏酮类药物显示出很好的应用前景。与1991年的试验结果相比，育苗生产中常用抗菌药物的作用有下降趋势。     

橡胶树高价值副产药物资源——白坚木皮醇的开发利用*

 随着社会文明的发展，人类对健康提出了更高的要求。由于植物药物的低毒副作用，以及对许多疾病的治疗和保健效果，使植物药物日益受消费者欢迎。利用巴西橡胶胶乳提取具有旋光性的天然产物白坚木皮醇为植物药物原料，可供制药工业简单而方便地合成无毒、无害而有特效的手性药物，用于治疗癌症、早老期痴呆症、糖尿病和艾滋病等疾病。对白坚木皮醇的结构特性、国内外开发和应用现状进行综述，并对今后发展前景进行探讨。