An investigation into the detection of the pulse in conscious and anaesthetized dogs

ObjectivesTo record the success rate of veterinary professionals and students at identifying the pulse in conscious and anaesthetized dogs. To explore the influence of clinical experience, pulse location, anaesthesia and likely confounding variables on the success of pulse palpation.Study designProspective, observational, randomized study.AnimalsA total of 54 client-owned dogs scheduled for general anaesthesia.MethodsFor each dog, three participants (senior anaesthetist, anaesthesia resident/nurse, veterinary student/animal care assistant) attempted pulse palpation at three locations (femoral, radial and dorsal pedal pulse) in conscious and anaesthetized dogs. The time to pulse palpation was measured with a stopwatch for each attempt and data were modelled using a multivariate Cox regression survival analysis (significance p < 0.05).ResultsThe overall success rate of pulse palpation was 77%, with a median time of 10.91 seconds (interquartile range 9.09 seconds). Success rate was lower in conscious dogs (67%) than in anaesthetized dogs (87%). There was a 77% lower likelihood of success at the radial than at the femoral pulse [hazard ratio (HR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.69, p < 0.001]. Veterinary students/animal care assistants had a 71% lower likelihood of success than senior anaesthetists (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.22–0.39, p < 0.001). Age, weight and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status had no significant influence. Premedication/anaesthetic drugs, heart rate or mean arterial pressure had no significant influence on the time to pulse palpation in anaesthetized dogs. The median time to palpation was less than 10 seconds for all experience groups at the femoral location.ConclusionsPalpation of the femoral location had the greatest likelihood of success with the least amount of time. Monitoring the femoral pulse during induction of anaesthesia is suggested as a method for confirming spontaneous circulation. Pulse palpation improves with clinical experience.     

Current Advances in the Study of the Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems

Targeted drug delivery systems (TDDSs) can selectively react with the targeted tissue at cell and subcell level,and can also selectively reach the diseased site and release the drugs slowly,which maintain the drug concentration above an efficaciously critical value for a longer duration of time. For TDDSs of anticancer drugs, such kind of preparations can efficiently minimize the side effects to the undesired tissues or organs, consequently augmenting curative effects of chemotherapy. We summarize the present situation and recent progresses in the prospective field of TDDSs for anticancer drugs. The models of drug targeting, the categories of drug targeting, the targeted drug carriers, and the factors that influence the effect of targeting are introuduced through domestic literatures.Although it is not very near future for clinical application of TDDSs,TDDSs play an important role in overcoming the side effects of cancer therapy and improve curative effect.     

抗菌药物不良反应146例临床分析

目的回顾性分析临床抗菌药物不良反应的规律和特点，探讨合理用药方法．方法对146例不良反应报告进行回顾性分析，并按照患者自然情况、给药途径、药物种类、累及器官进行分类统计分析．结果出现不良反应的患者中女性占59．59％，高于男性患者；静脉给药是引起不良反应最多的给药途径；喹诺酮类药物引起的不良反应较多，也较为严重；在不良反应中最常见的是过敏反应，其次是胃肠道反应．结论应重视抗菌药物不良反应检测体系的建立，针对患者在用药过程中易出现的问题找出合理的解决方法．     

RENAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE: A REVIEW

Renal nuclear medicine is used to evaluate renal function and morphology. Renal scintigraphy is the best imaging modality for evaluation of functional parameters such as glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow. The commonly used renal radiopharmaceuticals are reviewed. Both imaging and non-imaging techniques are presented. Specific applications of renal nuclear medicine are discussed.     

蚕药使用的误区与思考

通过对蚕药使用现状的调查，分析了当前蚕药使用不当的主要表现及成因，提出正确使用蚕药的对策。     

免疫组织化学技术在兽医诊断中的应用

免疫组织化学技术是利用抗原抗体特异性结合的原理,将物质标记在抗体上,通过标记来显示抗原抗体复合物的存在。随着免疫组织化学技术的发展和成熟,已被广泛应用于兽医诊断中,除用于对病原体准确的检测外,主要用于病原在机体组织中的定位和动态分布特点研究、新病原的发现、活体动物中病原的检测、以及对固定组织进行回顾性研究等,是广泛使用的现代病理学研究手段之一。     

畜牧兽医专业实践教学体系改革的探讨

本文提出了畜牧兽医本科专业实践教学体系的框架，共包括１１个方面，并根据专业特点提出了各自的相关内容，为了保证实践教学内容的完成，有针对性地提出了６条保证措施。     

案例教学在畜牧兽医行政管理与执法司法课程教学中的应用

在分析畜牧兽医行政管理与执法司法课程教学应用案例教学法的必要性和可行性,以及教学中存在的问题的基础上,阐述了该教学方法在畜牧兽医行政管理与执法司法课程教学中的应用。     

Antibacterial drug resistance and equine practice

The equine practitioner is in a position to make day‐to‐day decisions regarding antimicrobial drug (AMD) use for their patients as well as to educate their clients regarding judicious use. General guidelines regarding judicious use of AMDs in equine patients have been developed by the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Detailed guidelines for AMD use in specific equine diseases supported by clinical trials and results of surveillance studies focused on resistance among equine bacterial pathogens are lacking. Studies that could lead to detailed and justifiable use recommendations would allow the equine practitioner to make more informed decisions regarding when to use AMDs, which drugs should be used and how they should be used (e.g. dose, route and duration).     

人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的接种规律

采用鸡大肠杆菌 O2标准强毒株 ,对 4 80羽宝万斯 -高兰蛋雏鸡颈部皮下注射进行人工发病 ,研究了细菌培养时间、接种量与致病力之间的关系和规律。结果表明 ,在同一毒株条件下 ,细菌致病力强弱 ,主要取决于接种感染菌数 ,只要接种菌数适宜 ,4～ 2 4 h细菌培养液均可成功发病 ,不必受普遍采用 1 8h细菌培养液接种的时间约束。这一试验结果可为灵活、合理安排抗菌新兽药试验中人工病例复制提供参考