沼肥对农田土壤的潜在污染分析

对辽宁省昌图县的饲料、猪粪、沼肥以及连续施用沼肥6年的土壤进行取样测定,分析了沼肥从源头到土壤施用过程中重金属与抗生素类兽药的含量变化。结果表明:施用沼肥的土壤重金属类残留现象总体不明显,但Cu、Zn含量明显增高;沼肥与对应土壤中重金属、兽药残留量具有相关性(相关系数为0.910),施用沼肥后土壤中抗生素类兽药残留检出率为41.7%,环丙沙星类残留量为9.66 mg/kg,均高于对照土壤。研究表明该地农田生态系统长期施用沼肥仍然存在污染风险。     

纳米抗体的制备与临床应用研究进展

抗体是一类能特异性识别并结合抗原的免疫球蛋白，也是机体体液免疫的主要成分。随着科学技术的发展及对抗体研究的深入，抗体的应用领域不断扩展，可作为亲和配体或探针用于蛋白互相作用、蛋白与核酸相互作用、生物大分子定位与分布等研究，也可作为免疫抑制剂或治疗药物用于免疫性疾病、肿瘤、感染等疾病的治疗，还可结合各种标记技术用于疾病诊断、食品安全检测和环境监测。但传统抗体生产成本高、组织穿透力差、免疫排斥反应等缺点限制了其在疾病治疗等领域的广泛应用。近年来，科学家们致力于新型小分子抗体的寻找和研究，先后研制出嵌合抗体、小分子抗体、双特异性抗体等新型抗体。其中，纳米抗体（nanobody，Nb）又称重链可变区（variable heavy chain domain，VHH）抗体，是一种仅由一个重链可变区组成的单域抗体。纳米抗体保留了重链抗体完整的抗原结合能力，且具有分子质量小、组织穿透性强、抗原亲和力高、能识别隐藏表位、免疫原性低、结构稳定、水溶性好、生产成本低、易于产业化等优点，在疾病诊断、癌症和感染性疾病治疗、小分子药物及毒素残留检测等领域展现出巨大的应用前景。作者首先介绍了纳米抗体的特点，然后简述了纳米抗体的制备流程，重点综述了纳米抗体在疾病诊断、疾病治疗、食品安全和环境监测等领域的应用，最后对纳米抗体在兽医临床的应用前景进行了分析和展望。     

Marine Biotechnology: Challenges and Development Market Trends for the Enhancement of Biotic Resources in Industrial Pharmaceutical and Food Applications. A Statistical Analysis of Scientific Literature and Business Models

Biotechnology is an essential tool for the sustainable exploitation of marine resources, although the full development of their potential is complicated by a series of cognitive and technological limitations. Thanks to an innovative systematic approach that combines the meta-analysis of 620 articles produced worldwide with 29 high TRL (Technology Readiness Level) European funded projects, the study provides an assessment of the growth prospects of blue biotechnologies, with a focus on pharmaceutical and food applications, and the most promising technologies to overcome the main challenges in the commercialization of marine products. The results show a positive development trend, with publications more than doubled from 2010 (36) to 2019 (70). Biochemical and molecular characterization, with 150 studies, is the most widely used technology. However, the emerging technologies in basic research are omics technologies, pharmacological analysis and bioinformatics, which have doubled the number of publications in the last five years. On the other hand, technologies for optimizing the conditions of cultivation, harvesting and extraction are central to most business models with immediate commercial exploitation (65% of high-TRL selected projects), especially in food and nutraceutical applications. This research offers a starting point for future research to overcome all those obstacles that restrict the marketing of products derived from organisms.     

纳米材料在兽药残留分析中的应用

食品安全问题是当今全球关注的热点,特别是动物性食品中抗生素和违禁药物残留问题,已引起世界各国的高度重视,灵敏、安全、经济的检测手段是当前制约动物性食品中兽药残留检测的瓶颈,采用现代科技最新研究成果之一的纳米材料提高检测方法的灵敏度将是一条大有希望的途径。纳米材料特别是半导体纳米晶体,由于量子尺寸效应,具有激发光谱宽、发射光谱窄、荧光强度高、稳定性好等特点,其生物兼容性和超顺磁性在兽药残留分析中具有很大潜力。现就纳米材料的最新研究进展特别是纳米材料在兽药残留分析中免疫检测、免疫组化及基质净化等方面的应用潜力做一简要综述。