Subject-based problem-based learning in the veterinary science course at the University of Queensland

Objective
To assess students' perceptions of subject-based problem-based learning in the fourth year of the veterinary science course at the University of Queensland.
Design
A questionnaire-based study.
Procedure
Subject-based problem-based learning was introduced into parts of two fourth year subjects in a 5-year veterinary science course. The problem-based learning exercise used modified clinical cases and was computer-assisted. Students worked in groups of two to four, and small group discussion sessions were tutorless. Lectures were replaced by large group discussion and feedback sessions, led by the teacher, with approximately 85 students.
Results
There was a significant increase in the percentage of students who strongly agreed that they had better understanding of the subject, and had learned to apply principles from this class in new situations. The only consistent criticism by students was directed at the extra time required compared to traditional lecture-based subjects.
Conclusion
Students' perceptions of the learning outcome were very favourable for problem-based learning when compared to the lecture-based subject.     

基于纳米材料的免疫层析试纸在兽药残留检测中的应用

兽药残留是食品安全的重要影响因素,开发兽药残留检测方法是保证食品安全的重要手段。免疫层析试纸是一种操作简单、生产成本低且具有良好灵敏度的检测方法,适用于现场检测、大规模食品筛选,在兽药残留检测中具有巨大的应用价值。纳米材料可提供特殊的检测信号,是影响免疫层析试纸检测灵敏度和定量分析的关键因素。文章主要对胶体金、磁性纳米材料、量子点以及时间分辨荧光微球这几种纳米标记材料进行介绍,指出各自的优缺点及应用情况,并对该技术在兽药残留检测中的应用趋势进行展望。     

兽用化学药品血药浓度法生物等效性试验技术指导原则简述

血药浓度法生物等效性试验是兽药生物等效性研究的重要方法。为科学规范兽用化学药品生物等效性研究,保障兽药安全、有效、质量可控,在已发布实施的《兽用化学药品生物等效性试验指导原则》基础上,农业农村部兽药评审中心参考相关最新技术指导原则,结合国内兽药研究现状,修订发布了《兽用化学药品血药浓度法生物等效性试验技术指导原则》。本文针对该指导原则的适用范围、试验设计的内容进行阐述,旨在加强研发单位或相关临床试验机构对此指导原则的理解,对生物等效性试验的有效开展提供指导与帮助。     

我国兽药行业科技成果转化及思考

基于我国2016-2020年批准的兽药产品数据,从新兽药种类、新兽药研发及转化主体、新兽药成果转化方式等方面进行分析。结合国家当前科技成果转化政策及兽药行业政策,本文分析了我国兽药科技成果转化过程中存在的问题,提出进一步促进我国兽药行业科技成果转化对策建议,以期为兽药行业科研发展、科技成果转化提供参考。     

Essential oil of Aloysia citriodora Paláu and citral: sedative and anesthetic efficacy and safety in Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of citral in inducing sedation and anesthesia in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and to assess the safety of essential oil (EO) of Aloysia citriodora and citral in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish.Study designClinical study, randomized, parallel, multi-arm with control group in target species.AnimalsA total of 96 juvenile and 72 adult silver catfish and 80 juvenile grass carp were used.MethodsSilver catfish and grass carp were exposed to different concentrations of citral, 15–675 and 15–600 μL L^–1, respectively, during the maximum period of 30 minutes to verify sedation and anesthesia induction and recovery times. In addition, for anesthetic induction, silver catfish were exposed to the EO of A. citriodora and citral at 225 μL L^–1 for 3.5 minutes. Then, fish were transferred to an anesthesia maintenance solution at 50 μL L^–1 for 10 minutes to assess hematologic and biochemical variables at 60 minutes, 2 and 6 days after treatment.ResultsCitral only induced sedation from 15, 25 and 40 μLL^–1 in both species. Anesthesia without mortality was induced in silver catfish at 50–600 μL L^–1 and grass carp at 75–450 μL L^–1. At 675 and 600 μL L^–1, mortality was recorded in silver catfish and grass carp, respectively. The EO of A. citriodora and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish, with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration being the only variable that varied in relation to time and treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCitral was effective in inducing sedation and anesthesia in both species. In addition, A. citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Both agents are promising substances for the development of new drugs for fish.     

几种药剂浸种处理对西瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用黄腐酸盐、绿风95、稀土、爱多收、油菜素内酯等几种药剂对西瓜进行浸种处理,测定其对西瓜幼苗某些生长、生理指标的影响。结果表明:采用几种药剂处理后,与相应的对照相比,均可提高叶绿素含量、增加根系活力、促进幼苗生长,从而有利于西瓜的壮苗培育。从几种药剂处理对西瓜的营养生长及生理指标的影响进行综合判断可知,以爱多收处理为最好。     

兽药二维码印刷及识读效率的研究

从国家兽药产品追溯系统中兽药二维码着手,针对兽药二维码印刷及识读效率方面的问题,对兽药二维码印刷方式、规格以及编码方式进行了分析与研究,提出了编码规则选择的依据、印刷规格的建议及其与识读效率间的关系,以期为兽药生产企业在实际应用中提高兽药二维码识读效率提供参考。     

基于UPLC-MS/MS同时测定猪粪便中5种兽药残留量的研究

为了建立同时测定猪粪便中二甲氧苄啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、恩诺沙星、金霉素、泰乐菌素5种兽药残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,样品经McIllvaineNa_2EDTA缓冲溶液提取,C18粉吸附杂质,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩富集后用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液复溶,过滤上机,基质液外标法定量。结果显示,5种兽药在10~500μg/kg的质量浓度范围内线性良好,在添加浓度50~500μg/kg,平均回收率为53%~85%,RSD为1.87%~18.81%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,能快速、准确测定猪粪便中5种兽药残留,为养殖环节实时监测兽药使用情况提供了技术支持。     

我国兽药科技创新及成果转化的实践与问题研究

在问卷调查和数据统计的基础上,分析了我国兽药科技创新主体、创新模式、国家课题安排、成果转化情况,总结了兽药科技成果转化实践经验,探讨了现有体制机制下兽药科技创新与科技成果转化存在的问题并提出建议,以期为相关工作提供参考。     

基于物联网的国家兽药追溯系统的建设与应用

介绍了基于物联网的国家兽药追溯系统的内容和建设历程,概述了国家兽药追溯系统的试点应用和全面应用的情况以及特点和成效,分析了国家兽药追溯系统的制约因素和对策,并对国家兽药追溯系统的数据应用前景予以展望,以期为"互联网+兽药"的实现和兽药行业大数据的应用奠定扎实的基础。