微流控芯片在农产品安全检测中的应用

近年来,随着食品工业的迅猛发展,国内外食品安全事故也频繁发生。开发安全可靠、便携有效的检测方法对食品安全至关重要。微流控芯片集样品前处理、分离和检测等过程为一体,实现了样品前处理和检测分析的自动化、集成化、小型化、低消耗、高效率和便携化,满足了现场、实时检测的需求。本研究对微流控芯片在食品成分、农药残留、兽药残留、食品添加剂和重金属检测中的应用进行归纳总结,为农产品安全检测提供参考。     

基于现代学徒制的畜牧兽医人才工匠精神培育研究

现代学徒制背景下培育学生工匠精神,是高职院校培养符合企业需求高水平高素质技术技能型人才的重要方法。文章从现代学徒制背景下工匠精神内涵、工匠精神价值及培育工匠精神的路径等方面,探究现代学徒制视域下畜牧兽医专业群学生工匠精神培育的重要性。     

加拿大兽药管理体系及其对我国的启示

全面概述了加拿大的兽药管理体系,包括加拿大的兽药定义、主要管理机构及其职责和任务、兽药管理的法律法规和主要内容等,进而对加拿大在兽药管理制度及体系方面的改革和完善进程做一简要介绍,为我国兽药法制化管理的进一步发展提供了可借鉴的信息。     

养殖业兽医社会化服务模式分析

我国养殖业的兽医服务方式多样,其中兽医社会化服务能力不足的问题由来已久,亟需发展壮大。在有关政策法规的指导下,多地结合自身条件,因地制宜探索推行了兽医社会化服务模式。本文介绍了兽医服务公司承接、"企业+农户"、"购买产品+服务"、合作社承接、科研院所服务、信息化平台服务等6种养殖业兽医社会化服务模式,并对不同模式的服务组织、服务内容、服务机制、服务特点等进行了分析,其中"兽医服务公司承接模式"和"合作社承接模式"的社会化程度较高,也是目前基层最为推广的模式。这提示当前的兽医社会化服务组织需进一步扩大服务范围、拓展服务对象、提升技术能力,推动整体升级转型。     

朊蛋白基因家族在畜牧兽医中的研究进展

朊蛋白基因PRNP作为朊蛋白基因家族的一员,其编码的异常朊蛋白(prion)导致传染性海绵样脑病(TSEs)的发生。PRNP基因在定位、结构、表达和编码产物上与朊蛋白基因家族其他3个基因(PRND,PRNT和SPRN)存在很多相似之处,且该基因家族在不同种属之间十分保守,朊蛋白基因家族因此被称为"朊蛋白基因复合体"(prion gene complex)。已有资料表明,朊蛋白基因家族除了与TSEs的发生密切相关,其还对畜牧生产和兽医预防有着重要影响。论文介绍了朊蛋白基因家族的4个基因及其编码产物,而后依次阐述了该基因家族对畜牧生产的影响以及在兽医预防中的研究进展,以期为畜牧生产和兽医预防提供参考。     

Improved visualization of the lumbar spine nerve roots in dogs using water excitation (ProSet) as opposed to short tau inversion recovery: A retrospective study of two fat suppression MRI sequences

Magnetic resonance imaging fat suppression techniques are commonly used for diagnosis of canine spinal disease, however, studies comparing different techniques are currently lacking. This retrospective, methods comparison study aimed to evaluate water excitation and STIR MRI pulse sequences for visualization of canine lumbar spinal nerve roots. For inclusion, all dogs had to have dorsal planar MRI studies of the lumbar spine using both sequences. Visual grading analysis was used for scoring the following five criteria: degree of fat suppression; nerve root visualization; subjective tissue contrast; presence of noise; and overall better image quality. Scores were independently recorded by three board‐certified veterinary radiologists on two separate occasions, 3‐6 weeks apart. A total of 90 dogs were sampled. A two‐tailed t‐test showed that there were significant differences in all scored parameters (P < 0.00001), with the exception of noise (P = 0.47343), and that the water excitation sequence scored higher in all cases excluding noise. A Gwets AC kappa for intraobserver and interobserver reliability showed “almost perfect” agreement for the nerve roots in both tests (intra: k = 0.88; inter: k = 0.90). Intraobserver agreement was “substantial” for the degree of fat suppression (k = 0.68), subjective tissue contrast (k = 0.75), and overall better image quality (k = 0.76) and it was “fair” for the noise (k = 0.46). Interobserver agreement was “moderate” for the degree of fat suppression (k = 0.53), subjective tissue contrast (k = 0.63), and overall better image quality (k = 0.66) and “slight” for noise (k = 0.25). These findings supported using the water excitation pulse sequence for fat‐suppressed MRI of canine lumbar spinal nerve roots.     

动物性食品中抗菌药物残留检测方法研究进展

抗菌类药物在预防、治疗动物疾病中发挥了重要的作用,但不规范用药、超剂量用药甚至滥用,使动物性食品中抗菌类药物残留问题日益突出,引起人们的广泛关注。对动物性食品中抗菌类药物残留的检测是判定其安全性的重要内容,根据检测的目的和需要,可将检测方法分为现场检测和实验室检测。胶体金免疫层析法是目前使用最广的现场检测方法;实验室检测方法众多,又可分为抗菌类药物残留的定性检测法和定量检测法,前者主要包括2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑法（TTC法）、纸片法（PD法）、活性检测法等,后者主要包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法、毛细管电泳法、生物传感器法和免疫分析法等,可满足不同检测目的和实验条件的需要。作者对肉、蛋、奶中抗菌类药物残留的现场检测和实验室检测技术进行了总结,为更进一步研究快速、敏感、高通量、成本低廉的食品中抗菌类药物残留检测方法奠定理论基础。     

ACQUISITION HARDWARE FOR DIGITAL IMAGING

Use of digital radiography is growing rapidly in veterinary medicine. Two basic digital imaging systems are available, computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR). Computed radiographic detectors use a two-step process for image capture and processing. Image capture is by X-ray sensitive phosphors in the image plate. The image plate reader transforms the latent phosphor image to light photons that are converted to an analog electrical signal. An analog to digital converter is used to digitize the electrical signal before computer analysis. Direct digital detectors provide digital data by direct readout after image capture—a reader unnecessary. Types of DDR detectors are flat panel detectors and charge coupled device (CCD) detectors. Flat panel detectors are composed of layers of semiconductors for image capture with transistor and microscopic circuitry embedded in a pixel array. Direct converting flat panel detectors convert incident X-rays directly into electrical charges. Indirect detectors convert X-rays to visible light, then to electrical charges. All flat panel detectors send a digitized electrical signal to a computer using a direct link. Charge coupled device detectors have a small chip similar to those used in digital cameras. A scintillator first converts X-rays to a light signal that is minified by an optical system before reaching the chip. The chip sends a digital signal directly to a computer. Both CR and DDR provide quality diagnostic images. CR is a mature technology while DDR is an emerging technology.