西气东输二线贵港-玉林支线水土保持植被恢复措施研究

西气东输管道工程建设为我国经济发展提供了有利的资源保障,但管道建设施工过程中不可避免地会破坏生态环境,引发水土流失,恶化生态环境。本文在实地调查的基础上,研究了西气东输二线贵港—玉林支线工程区的水土流失特点,依据生态优先、因地制宜和适地适树的原则,对管道工程所经过各项目区设计了相应的水土保持植被恢复措施,对控制项目区水土流失、改善项目区生态环境有着重要指导作用。     

土壤矿物吸附和土壤团聚体对土壤有机碳含量的影响研究

Soil organic carbon (SOC) can act as a sink or source of atmospheric carbon dioxide; therefore, it is important to understand the amount and composition of SOC in terrestrial ecosystems, the spatial variation in SOC, and the underlying mechanisms that stabilize SOC. In this study, density fractionation and acid hydrolysis were used to assess the spatial variation in SOC, the heavy fraction of organic carbon (HFOC), and the resistant organic carbon (ROC) in soils of the southern Hulunbeier region, northeastern China, and to identify the major factors that contribute to this variation. The results showed that as the contents of clay and silt particles (0--50 μm) increased, both methylene blue (MB) adsorption by soil minerals and microaggregate contents increased in the 0--20 and 20--40 cm soil layers (P < 0.05). Although varying with vegetation types, SOC, HFOC, and ROC contents increased significantly with the content of clay and silt particles, MB adsorption by soil minerals, and microaggregate content (P < 0.05), suggesting that soil texture, the MB adsorption by soil minerals and microaggregate abundance might be important factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of carbon contents in soils of the southern Hulunbeier region.     

岩石坡面植物修复: 攀缘植物的筛选与生长

（Short communication, without abstract）     

岷江源头区农林复合景观变化对土壤侵蚀强度的影响

研究植被景观对土壤侵蚀的影响对旨在控制水土流失的流域生态恢复工作来说十分重要。该文利用遥感和GIS技术对岷江源头区的农林复合景观和土壤侵蚀强度的变化进行分析,并从景观角度分析了该区域农林复合景观变化对土壤侵蚀强度变化的影响。从不同景观类型对土壤侵蚀强度的控制能力大小看：针叶林＞落叶阔叶林＞针阔混交林＞灌丛＞草地＞农用地。对于除农用地以外的其他植被景观类型来说,增加其平均斑块面积和形状的复杂性会在一定程度上减少土壤侵蚀强度。而对于农用地来说,斑块形状的简单化以及均匀镶嵌的分布形式则是减少土壤侵蚀强度的有效手段。     

陕北黄土丘陵区新农村植被建设问题分析

为了促进陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区新农村植被建设的健康发展,对该区新农村植被建设进行了调查,发现新农村植被建设过程中存在着3个主要问题.(1)喜欢选择常绿树种,且多以松类、柏类为主,影响了当地以苹果、梨为主的果业发展.(2)模仿城市绿化,热衷于修建广场和草坪,导致田园风光、传统文化等乡村特色消失.(3)树种、草种比较单一,多为外来树种,不能反映区域特色,且树种、草种间搭配不够合理,存在着相克现象.建议新农村植被建设以乡土树种为主,合理搭配树种.突出田园风光和区域特色.     

施肥梯度对甘南高寒草甸植被特征的影响

通过小区控制施肥实验,研究了施肥梯度对青藏高原东缘高寒草甸植被特征的影响.结果表明,1) 施肥使线叶嵩草、波伐早熟禾、垂穗鹅观草等禾草的高度显著增加,异针茅、瑞玲草等非禾草类的高度减少.2) 随着施肥梯度的增大,群落的总密度逐渐下降, 禾草密度在不同施肥梯度下有时增加,有时减少,无一般性规律;而非禾草物种密度一般是减少的.3) 随施肥梯度的增加,地上生物量明显提高,多样性指数逐渐下降.施肥对群落密度、地上生物量和多样性的作用都要在2年以后才表现出明显的规律.     

沙漠化草地的恢复与重建途径

在分析国内外草地沙漠化治理现状的基础上,研究1985-1998年沙化草地的自然恢复与人工恢复,结果表明:自然恢复属于进展演替类型,经历"沙生、一年生植物群落"、"根茎禾草杂类草群落"和"丛生禾草群落"三个演替阶段,最终向地带性植被类型发展;其植被物种组成,覆盖度、产草量均呈增加趋势,土壤有机质增加,表土结构变好;人工恢复的效果显著,播种抗旱、抗风沙型植物,可以快速建成植被覆盖地面,同时生产大量优质牧草,是我国沙化草原恢复重建的一条重要途径.     

青海野生动植物资源分布特征与保护措施

青海省地处青藏高原,在全国具有特殊的区系分类地位和野生物种多样性,且种群、数量都十分丰富。对青海省野生动植物的区域分布特点进行概述,为加强保护管理提供了科学决策依据。实现全省生态系统的长期稳定和生物资源的合理利用。     

Maize silage particle length modulates feeding patterns and milk composition in loose-housed lactating Holstein cows

This study analysed feeding patterns and feed selective consumption by loose-housed lactating dairy cows fed diets based on maize silage (MS) with different particle length (PL) to establish its effects on overall dry matter intake (DMI) and productive performance. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were offered a total mixed ration (TMR) with three different PL of MS at harvesting (i.e., long, medium, and short). Results demonstrated greater numbers of day-time meals (i.e., 07:30–19:00 h) when PL was decreased from long to medium (P < 0.05). Night-time (i.e., 19:00–06:30 h) changes in the feeding pattern included an increased amount of feed per meal (P < 0.05) and a tendency to increase eating time per meal (P < 0.10) in cows fed the short-PL diet. Lowering the PL of MS also lowered the selective consumption against physically effective fibre larger than 1.18 mm (peNDF_> 1.18; P < 0.05) and in favour of fine particles (i.e., particles passing through 1.18 mm screen; P < 0.01). Decreasing PL of MS from long to medium and short increased daily DMI as well as the intake of energy and other nutrients contained in the diet including the amount of peNDF_> 1.18 (P < 0.01). The decrease in the PL of the diet also was associated with increased milk protein and lactose yield and milk urea nitrogen (P < 0.05). The actual milk yield and fat-corrected milk were not affected by the diet (P > 0.10). Although lowering of the PL tended to increase daily milk energy output (P < 0.10), the ratio between energy milk output and the energy intake was linearly decreased (P < 0.01), indicating a lower milk efficiency for the lower-PL diets. In conclusion, particle length of MS in a TMR has the potential to modulate circadian feeding patterns, selective consumption of the feed, daily DMI, and milk composition in high-producing dairy cows.     

大宝山矿污染弃耕农田不同恢复植被下土壤动物群落结构及多样性

为了筛选重金属超富集植物提供土壤生态的科学依据,选取大宝山矿坝心区重金属污染弃耕农田上5种自然修复植物和1种人工栽培植物,采用干漏斗法（Tullgren法）进行6种植物根系下土壤动物群落结构及多样性调查与研究,共分离鉴定168只动物,分属2门7纲12目和4种幼体。结果表明,土壤强酸性和多金属（Cu、Cd、Zn）重度污染是导致弃耕农田动物群落结构简单,动物数量较少的主要原因,不同植被生长对根系下土壤动物的群落结构有一定影响,表现为乌毛蕨、类芦、小白菜、铺地黍4种植物根系下,土壤动物群落结构相对复杂,多样性指数较高,芦苇和斑茅的根系下土壤动物结构简单,多样性指数较低,无植物的裸露地下土壤动物结构最简单;不同植被的根系下土壤动物的群落结构有差别,表现为常见类群和稀有类群差别较大。