真空冷冻干燥在中草药加工中的应用

介绍了中草药真空冷冻干燥的原理和干燥过程中各阶段的工艺流程；给出了控制中草药质量降解的反应模型，以及反应阶数、速度常数、模型参数的确定方法；指出真空冷冻技术应用中草药干燥能有效地避免传统干燥方法所造成的或草药性味劣变、药用有效成分损失等缺陷，并针对目前生产成本高等问题进行了探讨，分析了中草药真空冷冻干燥市场发展的前景。     

长输管道真空干燥真空泵有效抽速的研究

分析了长输管道真空干燥中真空泵组的有效抽速受管道流阻的影响,给出了有效抽速的计算方法,并用现场实验对其进行了验证.结果表明,处于管道出气口一端的压力小于管道另一端的压力.研究结果对进一步进行长输管道真空干燥抽气时间的预测研究提供了重要的依据.     

真空浓缩糖液渗糖及热风干燥对糖姜质量的影响

以台湾大肥姜为原料,研究了真空浓缩糖液渗糖及热风干燥对糖姜品质的影响,并探讨了产品适宜贮藏的水分活度.结果表明:采用真空度为0.090～0.095 Mpa进行真空浓缩的糖液渗糖,能减少产品褐变,控制产品还原糖含量,防止产品吸潮或返砂;湿糖姜的热风干燥分为加速、恒速和降速3个阶段,加速和恒速期均较短,干燥过程大部分处于降...     

育苗生产线气吸式播种系统模糊控制的研究

为保证气吸式播种系统的播种质量,对播种系统播种滚筒真空度的控制尤为重要. 该文简述了气吸式播种系统的构成及原理,并介绍了一种基于模糊控制方法的真空度自动控制系统,叙述真空度模糊控制器的设计思想,并对该二维模糊控制器采用MATLAB模糊工具箱进行动态仿真. 通过仿真研究可知,对气吸式播种系统播种滚筒真空度控制采用模糊控制的方法是可行的.      

Synergic Effects of Light Salting,Vacuum Packaging,and Onion Extract on the Quality Retention of Refrigerated Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets

This experiment investigated the synergistic effects of vacuum packaging, light salting, and onion extract on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets stored under refrigeration. The chemical, microbial, and organoleptic changes were monitored for up to 18 days in fillets. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and free fatty acid (FFA) values were evident in the order: control (without salting, vacuum packaging, and extract) > air packaged, salted (APS) > vacuum packaged, salted (VPS) > and vacuum packaged, salted, containing 2% and 4% (v/w) onion extract (2% and 4% VPSOE) throughout the storage period. Thiobarbituric acid values in APS groups were higher than control groups. Data from microbial assay showed that treatment with 2% and 4% VPSOE decreased total viable microbial count (TVC) compared with other treatments. APS, VPS, and VPSOE samples remained acceptable for up to 8, 12, and 15 days, respectively. The most suitable indices for determining shelf life of rainbow trout fillets are TVC.     

Pasteurization Conditions and Evaluation of Quality Parameters of Frozen Packaged Crab Meat

ABSTRACT

Ovalipes trimaculatus is a crab recognized as a new resource with fishing value to obtain frozen products. Pasteurization conditions of meat crab at temperatures below 85ºC (60, 72, and 82ºC) were established to achieve better quality attributes in the frozen product. The lethality curves of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were measured, and the decimal reduction times (D) and Z values were determined. Heat transfer during the pasteurization process of pouches containing crab meat was simulated using a computational code in finite elements, and the mathematical model was experimentally validated. Thermal histories were coupled to the microbial lethality kinetics of the most heat resistant pathogen microorganism in order to establish pasteurization times necessary for the process system design. The predicted pasteurization conditions were microbiologically validated. The pouches were frozen under industrial conditions and stored at ?22ºC for 1 year. The influence of the type of packaging (vacuum and nonvacuum plastic pouches) on physicochemical and sensory quality parameters of frozen crab meat (color, exudate, lipid oxidation, water holding capacity, and overall acceptability) were analyzed observing better performance under vacuum conditions.     

Effects of Phosphate Type on the Quality of Vacuum-Tumbled Catfish Fillets

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various agglomerated phosphate blends on the quality of vacuum-tumbled catfish fillets. Catfish fillets were tumbled with a brine solution at 15% over initial, raw weight prior to tray-packing and storage at 4°C for 10 days. Fillets were evaluated for protein exudate, tumbling yield, color, pH, cooking loss, tenderness, purge loss, and shelf life. A specific blend of agglomerated sodium phosphates (AGSP) that contains mono-, tri-, and polyphosphates had significantly less protein (p < 0.05) exudate and significantly higher pH (p < 0.05) than other treatments. All phosphate treatments significantly increased (p < 0.05) tenderness and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) purge loss, but agglomerated phosphate blends significantly decreased (p < 0.05) cooking loss and yellowness. Psychrotrophic plate counts for all phosphate treatments were similar to the control at each storage time. All phosphate treatments improved the yield and quality of catfish fillets, but the use of AGSP may optimize quality attributes.     

仿刺参微波真空干燥工艺的研究

采用微波真空方法干燥仿刺参,研究了不同微波功率密度（1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 W/g）、真空度（0.087、0.090、0.093 MPa）和预煮水盐度（80、160、240 g/L）对仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus的干燥速度、产品的物理性质及感官特性的影响。结果表明：微波功率密度对仿刺参的干燥速度和干品品质影响明显,在该微波功率密度下,功率密度平均每增加0.5 W/g,干燥时间缩短22.5 min;真空度和预煮水盐度对仿刺参的干燥速度有一定影响,预煮水盐度对仿刺参干品的外观影响较大。试验表明,用微波真空干燥海参的最佳工艺参数为：微波功率密度2 W/g、真空度0.090 MPa、预煮水盐度80 g/L。在此工艺下干燥的海参色泽和形状保持完好,收缩率较低（32.20%）,复水率较高（266.32%）,且干燥时间仅为110 min。     

不同包装材料对辐照乳饼保存期影响的研究

 新鲜乳饼分别采用高阻氧铝箔袋和耐高温3层透明复合袋（PVDC）包装,经60Coγ 8kGy剂量辐照后,研究在1个月常温贮藏周期中乳饼的感官性状、水分、pH值、酸价指标的变化,探讨不同包装材料对辐照乳饼保存期的影响。结果表明：在1个月常温贮藏周期中,高阻氧铝箔袋和耐高温3层透明复合袋对辐照乳饼保存期影响差异不显著,铝箔装的乳饼感官性状稍好于PVDC复合装的乳饼,但不易观察到内容物变化,且成本高,生产中宜采用耐高温3层透明复合袋（PVDC）包装。