中小城市园林绿化规划设计思考

城镇化进程的加快,推动着城市园林绿化规划的快速发展。针对中小城市园林绿化规划发展现状、发展中存在的主要问题,提出相应的解决办法,以加快生态城市建设,促进城市经济社会的可持续发展。     

科尔沁沙地景观梯度带上植被的空间分布格局研究

根据 1 997— 1 998年对科尔沁沙地沙丘植被的实地调查 ,本文依据植物地理学、植物生态学的方法 ,对不同景观梯度带上沙丘植被的植物组成及其重要值等进行了分析 ,从而研究出该地区现阶段在风力水力侵蚀胁迫下的退化草原植被的空间分布格局 ,同时也说明植被的分布与大气降水所制约的水分梯度和风力侵蚀发展的沙漠化梯度有直接的关系。     

园林植物景观意境创造的研究

园林景观只有被赋予一定的思想意境,并与景观要素相融合,才能真正的体现园林艺术价值。而园林植物因为蕴涵着深厚的文化内涵,承裁着丰富的文化信息,常用来进行园林意境的创造。结合实例对我国古典园林、现代园林运用植物造景创造园林景观意境的方法进行研究,揭示园林未来的发展应结合时代特点,并借鉴优秀的传统艺术手法进行园林植物造景意境的创造,融合植物造景的科学性和艺术性于一体。     

城市公园绿地边缘效应及其影响研究

城市公园绿地与城市其他景观系统的交界处存在着边缘区,边缘区特殊的位置形成了不同于绿地内部的小环境,产生了边缘效应。边缘效应不仅影响公共绿地园林植物群落的稳定性,同时破坏了公共绿地景观的美观,边缘效应对城市公共绿地的作用还没有引起足够重视。通过对成都市东湖公园绿地边缘的植物调查,初步探讨了城市公园绿地的边缘效应及其产生的影响,并对抑制城市公园绿地边缘效应的影响提出了建议。     

城市绿地土壤肥力评价的未确知属性测度分析法

基于未确知数学理论和属性数学理论,研究了土壤肥力综合评价方法,建立了城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价及分级的未确知属性测度分析法。该方法首先需要确定城市绿地土壤肥力状况的评价指标及分类标准,以及土壤肥力状况级别组数;然后构建单指标的未确知属性测度函数,以计算单指标的未确知属性测度函数值和样本的综合未确知属性测度值;最后应用置信度准则对城市绿地土壤样本进行识别,以确定土壤样本肥力状况的级别属性。基于两个城市绿地土壤样本的模糊综合评价结果,以及13个城市绿地土壤样本的全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的评价结果进行了验证,本研究方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法、全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的一致性分别为100%、84.62%、92.31%和100%。实例评价表明,采用该方法对城市绿地土壤肥力状况进行评价是可行的,为城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价提供了新的途径和方法。     

太子湾公园的植物景观与空间分析

通过对太子湾公园的植物景观与空间分析,明确植物配置的重要性,尤其是林冠线及天际线的处理、河岸边缘的柔化等;同时分析太子湾公园的空间格局,提出植物景观的改造措施及相应的对策。     

Characterizing the complexity of landscape boundaries by remote sensing

This paper presents a method for characterizing the complexity of landscape boundaries by remote sensing. This characterization is supported by a new boundary typology, that takes into account points where three or more landcovers converge (i.e., convergency points or coverts). Landscape boundary richness and diversity indices were proposed and calculated over 19 landscapes in South-East Brazil. Results showed that landscape boundaries, especially convergency points, provided an enrichment in landscape pattern analysis. Landcover boundary diversities were significantly related to landcover shape: elongated riparian units had the highest values for boundary diversity and coverts proportion indices. On the other hand, landscape analysis showed that indices of shape, richness, diversity and coverts proportion provided an additional evaluation of landcover spatial distribution within the landscape.     

Bush cover and range condition assessments in relation to landscape and grazing in southern Ethiopia

Progressive growth of bush cover in dry savannahs is responsible for declines in range conditions. In southern Ethiopia, the Booran pastoralists assisted our understanding of spatial patterns of bush cover and range conditions in 54 landscape patch types grouped into six landscape units within an area of 30000 km². The size of landscape patches sampled was 625 m². We assessed the relationships between bush cover, grass cover and bare soil and grazing pressure and soil erosion and changes in range condition. Externally, political conflicts and internally, break down of land use, and official bans on the use of fire promoted bush cover and the decline in range conditions. Bush cover was negatively correlated with grass cover, and positively correlated with bare soil. Grass cover was negatively correlated with bare soil and grazing pressure in most landscape patch types. Grazing pressure was not significantly correlated with bush cover or bare soil, while soil erosion was directly related to bare soil. Soil erosion was absent in 64% of the landscape patch types, and seemingly not a threat to the rangelands. The relationship between bush cover, grass cover, bare soil and soil erosion is complex and related to climate, landscape geology, and patterns of land use. Main threats to range conditions are bush climax, loss of grass cover and unpalatable forbs. Currently, >70% of the landscape patch types are in poor to fair range conditions. Decline in range conditions, unless reversed, will jeopardise the pastoral production system in southern Ethiopia.     

The Effects of Agricultural Practices on Carabidae in Temperate Agroecosystems

Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) occur in all temperate agroecosystems, and have been implicated as predators of many pests, including aphids, lepidopterous larvae, and slugs. Most are polyphagous, and some are primarily spermophagous. The species assemblage present in any particular crop is determined by multiple factors, but usually comprises a limited number of abundantly active species, which may be common to many crop types. Abiotic soil factors, especially soil type and moisture status are important in determining the species present. Crop type affects the carabid assemblage indirectly through cultivation practices and microclimatic changes. Any soil cultivation affects the carabid assemblage, but studies comparing ploughing with reduced tillage have shown varying results, according to local conditions. Pesticides, especially insecticides have a localised and short-term effect, as many carabids rapidly re-invade sprayed crops. The long-term effect of pesticide usage at a landscape scale is, however, more difficult to predict, and may have contributed to the observed decline in carabid diversity in the wider countryside. Whilst fertiliser application is generally beneficial to carabids, comparisons of conventional and organic farming systems suggest that localised short-term variations in species abundances are more important than the overall farming system used. Non-crop habitats are very important to Carabidae, as many use adjacent hedges and field margins for shelter, breeding or dispersal. But other features such as roads may act as barriers to dispersal. It is concluded that further measures need to be taken if Carabidae are to realise their potential in integrated pest management systems.     

人文精神变革下的城市视觉污染及其防治

城市的发展建设是建设文明社会、和谐社会的重要组成部分。在人文精神的引导下，城市建设应朝着人与自然的和谐方向发展。然而现代城市中出现的各种视觉上的污染及其所造成的危害，却与我们所提倡发展城市人文精神，建立人文城市的内涵相违背。本文在分析了城市的硬环境和软环境存在的几个重要的视觉污染的基础上，提出了发展人文城市，杜绝城市污染源的几点建议。