Puerarin improved growth performance and postmortem meat quality by regulating lipid metabolism of cattle under hot environment

This study aims to evaluate the effect of puerarin on performance, meat quality, and serum indexes of beef cattle under hot environment. Thirty-two bulls were divided into four groups and fed diet supplemented with puerarin at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Results showed that heat stress was employed for 54 out of 60 days, 400 mg/kg group declined serum cortisol (COR) contents, all treatments increased the contents of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total superoxide dismutase activity; in addition, glutathione peroxidase activity of 200 mg/kg group were enhanced, only 800 mg/kg group enhanced immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents compared with the control (p < .05). Moreover, 400-mg/kg puerarin increased serum growth hormone levels compared with 200 mg/kg group but declined COR concentrations compared with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups (p < .05). More importantly, average daily gain and daily matter intake, and intramuscular fat contents of 400 mg/kg group were enhanced, but the shear force of beef in 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups were declined compared with the control (p < .05). These findings indicated that supplemental with puerarin enhanced immune and antioxidant, and 400 mg/kg of puerarin improved performance and meat quality by normalizing levels of stress hormones and increasing intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle under hot environment.     

马齿苋水提物对热应激小鼠空肠结构及吸收功能的影响

旨在探讨马齿苋水提物（aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L.）对热应激小鼠空肠结构及吸收功能的影响。将40只昆明种小鼠随机分为4组（n=10）：空白对照组（C）、热应激组（HS）、马齿苋水提物组（AEP）、维生素C组（Vc），HS、AEP和Vc组每天于（40±1）℃环境下处理0.5 h，连续热应激6 d后将小鼠转置于室温下给药治疗。给药7 d后眶窦采血，并采集小鼠空肠；测定小鼠血清中D-木糖、葡萄糖含量；HE染色观察空肠组织病理学变化；qRT-PCR法检测空肠黏膜ZO-1、SGLT1及GLUT2 mRNA的相对转录水平。结果显示，与C组比较，HS组小鼠空肠黏膜绒毛高度极显著降低（P<0.01）；血清中D-木糖的含量极显著降低（P<0.01）；空肠黏膜中ZO-1、SGLT1和GLUT2 mRNA的相对转录水平均极显著降低（P<0.01）；与HS组相比，AEP组小鼠空肠绒毛高度极显著提高（P<0.01）；血清中D-木糖及葡萄糖的含量均显著升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）；空肠黏膜中ZO-1、SGLT1和GLUT2 mRNA的相对转录水平均显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。高温处理可导致小鼠空肠黏膜脱落及吸收功能下降，而在给予马齿苋水提物治疗后可通过提高空肠ZO-1 mRNA表达量修复空肠黏膜结构，通过促进空肠黏膜SGLT1和GLUT2 mRNA的转录量改善吸收功能。马齿苋水提物能在一定程度上修复热应激导致小鼠空肠黏膜结构损伤，改善热应激小鼠肠道的吸收能力。     

住宅建筑热泵的热源选择

指出了住宅建筑的暖通空调能耗占建筑能耗的比重大，较燃煤取暖而言，热泵技术的节能效果显著。从原理特点、适用性、限制条件、土建和设备建设难度和周期、后期管理维护等方面分析了空气、地表（下）水、土壤、太阳能和污水等热泵热源，探讨了住宅建筑热泵热源选择的总的原则。     

北京建设都市型现代农业的研究探索

近年来,在北京市委、市政府的正确领导下,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,将农业作为首都经济、社会、生态系统的重要组成部分和社会主义新农村建设的首要任务,积极开发农业多功能,挖掘农业新价值,对建设都市型现代农业进行了深入地研究和探索,取得初步成效。     

益生菌大肠杆菌Nissle 1917抗逆性能、猪肠上皮细胞黏附率及抑菌效果研究

本试验旨在研究益生菌大肠杆菌Nissle 1917(Ec N)抗逆性能、猪肠上皮细胞黏附率及抑菌效果。采用体外法对Ec N进行生长曲线绘制和耐酸、耐胆盐、耐热性能的测定;以猪肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2细胞为体外细胞模型,考察了Ec N对该细胞的黏附率以及对致病菌大肠杆菌K88的黏附抑制率;同时通过蛋白质印迹法检测了Ec N对IPEC-J2细胞β-防御素-2和Toll样受体4的水平的影响。结果表明:1)Ec N对高酸、高胆盐和高温环境具有一定耐受能力。2)Ec N对IPEC-J2细胞的黏附作用以对数期最佳,黏附率达33.96%,显著高于迟缓期、稳定期和衰亡期(P0.05)。3)Ec N对致病菌大肠杆菌K88具有良好的抑制效果,黏附抑制率达87.84%。4)Ec N还能上调IPEC-J2细胞β-防御素-2和Toll样受体4水平。结果提示,益生菌Ec N具有较好的抗逆性能,能够良好地黏附猪肠上皮细胞,对致病菌大肠杆菌K88具有良好的抑制作用。     

Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health

The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg⁻¹ soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg⁻¹ soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg⁻¹ soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil.     

浅谈河北地区城市道路绿化的发展——以河北张家口市为例

道路绿化是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分。本文通过笔者所在城市道路绿化发展的概述,总结分析了城市道路绿化发展的四个阶段,以及现今存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

Field‐grown Cotton Exhibits Seasonal Variation in Photosynthetic Heat Tolerance without Exposure to Heat‐stress or Water‐deficit Conditions

Thermotolerance acclimation of photosystem II to heat and drought is well documented, but studies demonstrating developmental impacts on heat tolerance in field‐grown plants are limited. Consequently, climatic variables, estimated canopy temperature, predawn leaf water potential (Ψ_PD), and the temperature responses of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m), variable fluorescence (F_v/F₀), quantum yield of electron transport (φ_Eο) and efficiency of PSI electron acceptor reduction (REο/ABS) were characterized for Gossypium hirsutum at three sample times during the growing season (21 June, 2 July and 18 July 2013) under well‐watered conditions. The temperature decreasing a given photosynthetic parameter 15% from the optimum is referred to as T₁₅ and served as a standardized measure of heat tolerance. Ambient and estimated canopy temperatures were well within the optimal range for cotton throughout the sample period, and leaves were verified well watered using Ψ_PD measurements. However, T₁₅ varied with sample date (highest on July 2 for all parameters), being 2 °C (F_v/F₀) to 5.5 °C (φ_Eο) higher on July 2 relative to June 21, despite optimal temperature conditions and predawn leaf water potential on all sample dates. These findings suggest that even under optimum temperature conditions and water availability, heat tolerance could be influenced by plant developmental stage.     

半地下带保温夹套发酵罐的应用

通过对半地下带保温夹套的发酵罐与普通发酵罐24 h的温度变化和6 d的产气量的对比试验分析,结果表明:采用半地下带保温夹套发酵罐发酵,24 h的温度变化缓慢,受外界温度变化影响小,高温持续的时间较长,利于微生物发酵;产气总量多,持续时间长。     

镉、铜胁迫对路易斯安娜鸢尾生理生化的影响

通过溶液培养的方法,研究了Cd、Cu胁迫对路易斯安娜鸢尾幼苗生长及生理生化的影响.结果表明:Cd、Cu胁迫下,路易斯安娜鸢尾幼苗生长缓慢,地上、地下干重下降,叶片中的叶绿素含量均随胁迫浓度的增加而降低；植株叶片的丙二醛和游离脯氨酸含量、超氧化物岐化酶活性均随处理浓度、处理时间的延长而增加.