数显式豆浆总固形物含量检测仪设计与试验

为了给豆浆总固形物含量的检测提供一种简单、便捷的仪器,首先研究了豆浆的总固形物含量(2.13~6.50 g/(100 m L))和温度(20~70℃)对其电导率的影响规律。结果说明,豆浆的电导率随总固形物含量和温度的增大而增大,可用二元二次模型表达豆浆的电导率与总固形物含量、温度的关系,该模型的决定系数为0.994。进而设计了以STC12C5A16S2单片机为控制器、以DJS-1型电导电极为电导率传感器、以DS18B20为温度传感器、以锂电池供电的便携式豆浆总固形物含量检测仪硬件系统。用C51语言设计了检测仪的软件,实现了数据的采集、处理和显示。对该检测仪的检验结果说明,当总固形物质量浓度在2.00~8.00 g/(100 m L)范围内时,该检测仪的总固形物含量测量误差为-0.52~0.37 g/(100 m L),平均绝对误差为0.17 g/(100 m L),响应时间小于5 s。     

苗期低温对玉米体内脯氨酸,电导率及光合作用的影响

玉米品种吉单１５９在三叶期经６℃、１０℃低温处理３ｄ、６ｄ,脯氨酸含量明显增加,电导率提高,叶发素含量减少,光合速率降低,植株生长表现出明显的延迟型冷害症状．     

土壤含盐量与土壤电导率及水分含量关系的试验研究

应用不同盐分含量土壤，进行了土壤电导率与土壤含盐量关系的试验研究，获得了不同含盐量土壤的电导率随水分含量变化的规律，并且建立了土壤含盐量与土壤电导率及水分含量的关系．本文所用方法简便可行，试验结果具有较高精度．本研究为较精确测定土壤含盐量及快　速进行较大规模盐渍土壤调查提供了一种较佳方法．     

非饱和土壤溶质运移数值模拟的初步研究

应用有限差分法对非饱和土壤中一维溶质运移模型数值求解，模拟了土壤水分运动和溶质运移的动态过程。以实测数据验证了模拟结果的合理性与有效性。为保证数值模拟正确进行，给出确定离散步长ｄｘ和ｄｔ的三个准则。     

含水量对非饱和黄土强度的影响

试验和分析表明，在较大的含水量变化范围内，非饱和黄土的粘聚力和含水量之间呈幂函数关系。依据库伦－摩尔强度准则，非饱和黄土的抗剪强度随外部压力和含水量的变化规律可用强度曲面描述，提出了非饱和黄土强度的临界含水量计算式。     

闽粤栲种子和离体胚超低温保存效果研究

通过对闽粤栲种子和离体胚超低温（－１９６℃）保存后发芽率、电导率和脱氢酶活性的分析,对其长期保存的可行性进行研究。结果表明：含水量是影响闽粤规律性中子离体胚超低温保存的重要因素,超低温保存应进行适度脱水。当无防冻剂预处理,１５％ＭＣ＋ＭＦ－ＱＴ组合中,种子发芽率最高,膜伤害最小。与种子相比,用离体胚作为超低温保存材料效果要好,其超低温保存后脱氢酶活性基本上能够维持超低温保存前的水平,最佳组合为１５％ＭＣ＋ＭＦ－ＳＴ,若能够辅以防冻剂预处理,则超低温保存效果更佳,最佳组合为１５％ＭＣ＋ＱＦ－ＱＴ＋１５％二甲亚砜＋１０％蔗糖＋１０％聚乙二醇。     

大豆钟子贮藏期间活力变化规律及PEG处理效应

在正规的仓贮条件下,经不同年限贮藏的大豆种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、萌动过程中酸性磷酸酯酶活性和ATP水平下降,与种子活力呈正相关;电导率和丙二醛含量有所升高,与种子活力呈负相关。证明膜及线粒体等发生了生理上的改变,最终表现为田间出苗率及整齐度降低。隔年贮藏的大豆种子田间出苗率与新种子的差异达到极显著。隔年贮藏的大豆种子用浓度为20％的PEG水溶液在15℃条件下处理48小时,活力明显提高,表现为发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、酸性磷酸醋酶活性、ATF水平提高,电导率下降:田间出苗率显著增加,后者与隔一年后收获的种子无明显差异。     

京西山地棕壤和淋溶褐土饱和导水率的分析

导水率Ｋ（ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ）是表示孔隙介质透水性能的综合比例系数,即单位水力势梯度下水的通量密度或渗透流速。Ｋ值是土壤颗粒大小分布、固体物质的化学组成和土壤紧实度的函数。因此,对于不同的土壤或同一土壤的不同层次Ｋ值亦可能有差...     

不同油葵种植方式对银北灌区盐碱地土壤温度、含水率和电导率的影响

为了探究油葵不同种植方式对盐碱地土壤水、热、盐分布状况的影响,以平播（T1）为对照,开展了半膜平播（T2）、半膜平播+膜间覆秸秆（T3）、起垄沟播（T4）、起垄沟播+沟覆秸秆（T5）、垄膜沟播（T6）、垄膜沟播+沟覆秸秆（T7）等6种种植方式对油葵田土壤温度、水分和电导率的影响研究。结果表明：与对照相比,不同种植方式均提高了早上7:00时5cm深度的土温,但油葵花期土壤增温效果明显弱于苗期,垄膜沟播种植方式更有利于减缓地 表5cm深度土温的剧烈变化。与对照相比,在油葵苗期,T7和T6的0~20cm土层土壤含水率分别提高了6.30%和5.01%,20~40cm土层分别提高了6.00%和3.38%,在油葵开花期,土壤含水率较对照提高幅度有所降低。与播种前0~20cm土层土壤电导率相比,T6在苗期和开花期均有所下降,其中开花期下降了33.81%,T7在苗期略有增加,在开花期则略有下降,其他处理在苗期增加幅度较大。因此,在银北灌区油葵生产中,垄膜沟播是一种适宜的油葵种植方式。     

Low soil temperature reducing the yield of drip irrigated rice in arid area by influencing anther development and pollination

Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods(flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation.