玉米芯挥发特性的实验研究

为了更好地控制玉米芯汽化器的产气质量，有必要研究玉米芯的挥发特性。通过实验，研究了玉米芯的挥发份析出过程和特性，提出了在高温下玉米芯的挥发过程满足Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ定律的假定，并由实验证是可行的，并且得出了相应的热化学动力学参考。     

X195柴油机优化调整节能技术的研究

动力性和经济性是柴油机的两个重要指标，广大发动机研究者一直致力于改善这两个指标。特别是在能源短缺的今天，如何提高发动机的动力性和经济性的问题就显得尤为重要。通过大量的台架实验．研究了X195柴油机的3项主要的调整参数(供油提前角、喷油压力、气门间隙)对其动力性和经济性的影响，分析了其影响因素，分别找出了最佳的调整范围。     

大千生果胶质提取工艺研究

本试验以果胶质作为考察指标,采用超声提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究对大千 生种子中果胶质提取的影响。实验结果表明:大千生种子中果胶质最佳提取工艺为提取功率200w, 料液比1:20,提取时间20min,提取温度60℃ 。在此最佳工艺下果胶质成分的含量最高为4.51％。     

扇吸式太阳能杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响

为明确扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田间的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响,采用抽样鉴定方法调查扇吸式杀虫灯的诱虫谱,通过田间试验调查其对主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的控制范围和防控效果,并采用黄板、糖醋酒液和陷阱法取样调查其对玉米田间节肢动物生物多样性的影响。结果表明,扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田可诱集9目40科的昆虫,对亚洲玉米螟的有效控制距离在60 m左右,单灯控制面积约1.1 hm²。在大喇叭口期,灯光防控处理对亚洲玉米螟的株防效为25.83%,显著低于化学防控处理的76.74%;在乳熟期,化学防控处理的虫孔减退率为75.29%,显著高于灯光防控处理的21.18%,灯光防控处理、化学防控处理和对照的茎秆活虫数、虫孔隧道长度和雌穗防效差异均不显著。距灯80 m范围内不同距离的主要害虫与天敌种群数量基本一致,玉米不同生育期节肢动物群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性指数和相似系数变化较大,但在同一生育期不同距离间均无显著差异,说明田间节肢动物群落主要受玉米生育期的影响,扇吸式杀虫灯对田间主要害虫和天敌种群无显著影响。表明扇吸式杀虫灯对亚洲玉米螟的防治效果有限,对田间节肢动物多样性无显著影响,可作为鲜食玉米田防治亚洲玉米螟的辅助手段,但无法替代化学防治。     

Effects of different active constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL

AIM To investigate the effects of different components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ［gypenosides (Gps), gypenoside XLIX (GpXLIX) and ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3)］ on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, model group, Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group. The cells in control group were cultured only in DMEM complete medium. The cells in model group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h. The cells in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, and then treated with Gps, GpXLIX and GRb3 at 100 mg/L for another 24 h, respectively. The ATP content in each group was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5a （Cox5a）, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 （Ndufs1）, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5a) and cytochrome C (Cyt C）, were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the ATP content in model group was decreased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, the ATP content increased to different degrees in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.01). The results of Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system were consistent with those of Western blot. These results showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a in model group was decreased, and the protein expression of Cyt C was increased (P<0.01). After intervention, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a was increased and the protein expression of Cyt C was decreased in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the effect of Gps on the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and Cyt C was significantly stronger than those of the 2 monomer components, and the effect of GRb3 was found to be superior in the 2 monomer components. The effect of GpXLIX on ATP5a protein was superior to the other 2 components. CONCLUSION Gynostemma total saponins and related active ingredients protect ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells by affecting mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, thereby preventing and treating atherosclerosis.     

基于正交设计的糙条消能工评价方法

在新疆635溢洪道整治工程研究的基础上,基于正交设计原理,对溢洪道布置糙条消能工进行6因素3水平的正交试验,试验测得18种组合典型断面的瞬时流速和水深;通过对弯道微元化处理的方法,建立了质量离散系数C_m模型,并结合消能率η对试验结果进行了极差分析;考虑到建立导流效果评价方法的普适性,定义量纲一因子R_d和R_s,对布置参数与工程参数之间的相关性做了进一步分析.结果表明:质量离散系数C_m能够客观地反映糙条消能工的导流效果;就C_m指标影响程度而言,工程参数较布置参数的影响程度占主导地位,在实际工程中,工程参数的确定应充分考虑水流形态;由于R_d和R_s均是量纲一参数,因此在一般整流工程导流效果的评价方法上具有普适性.     

燃料乙醇发酵技术研究进展

世界能源安全正面临挑战.清洁的可再生能源生物质燃料乙醇的发展越来越被重视.从生产原料、酶与微生物、技术和工艺等方面,概述了燃料乙醇发酵技术的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向.     

轻便型风能增氧机的设计和应用

自然界存在着巨大的风能,它大大超过水的能量,也大于液体和固体燃料能量的总和。国际气象组织(WMO)提出风的储量为3×10~(11)kW,其中可利用的为2×10~(10)kW。这说明风能储量之丰富,而人们目前对它的利用还远远不够。将风能应用到水产养殖业上,更是微乎其微。目前在鱼、虾养殖业中流行的各种增氧机的能源几乎全都采用电能,然而我国电能供应紧张,地面的风能储量却极为丰富,约为16亿kW,其中可利用的约有1.6亿kW,仅次于美国和苏联,居世界第三位,尤其东南沿海及岛     

Adapting bioenergetic factorial modelling to understand the implications of heat stress on barramundi (Lates calcarifer) growth,feed utilisation and optimal protein and energy requirements – potential strategies for dealing with climate change?

The implications of temperature on bioenergetics for barramundi (Lates calcarifer) were defined in an improved factorial model that encompassed revised parameters accounting for effects over the temperature range of 16–39 °C and size range of 10–3000 g. A revised growth function describing weight gain by barramundi as a function of fish weight and temperature was derived from farm and laboratory data and included a term for a shift in optimal temperature with fish size: Gain (g fish^?1 day^?1) = (K + xT + yT ² + zT³) * (weight)^ax+b. Maintenance energy and protein demand functions were also derived on a similar form, and all three functions combined to form the basis of a factorial model for energy and protein demand. Using this model, optimal iterative feed specifications were defined for a range of fish sizes at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C. A feed demand model was also developed based on the demand for digestible energy (DE) at each of these temperatures. The model shows that at high temperatures (35 °C), there is an increase in digestible protein (DP) to DE demand, and that with increasing size, there is a decrease in the DP to DE demand.     

中国对虾亲虾的能量代谢研究

本试验测定了中国对虾亲虾在禁食和静息状态下的耗氧率、二氧化碳排出率和氨氮排泄率,研究了它们的呼吸商、氧氮比、能源的化学本质及其消耗量之比。结果表明,体重为85.1±14.8克的亲虾,在水温19～22℃时的耗氧率为0.25±0.08毫克/克·小时,二氧化碳排出率为0.28±0.09毫克/克·小时,氨氮排泄率为8.86±3.53微克/克·小时;亲虾以蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的混台物为能源,其中以蛋白质为主,脂肪次之,碳水化合物的利用最少;亲虾的耗氧率(Y)与体重(W)呈负相关,Y=1.89W~(-1.3),而与性腺发育的影响则相反,性腺发育好的亲虾代谢率高,性腺发育差的亲虾代谢率低。