地方性本科院校水产养殖专业研究生实验教学体系的构建研究

从实验内容改革、实验课程设置安排、实验教学平台建设三个方面探讨地方性本科院校水产养殖专业研究生实验教学体系的构建.在创新研究生实验课程过程中,开设本硕贯通的实验选修课程、研究生的实验必修课程和专题实验课程,在实验教学内容和实验建设等方面进行了一系列新的探索,形成了一套具有特色的研究生实验教学体系和实验内容,增强了研究生的科研能力.     

The analysis of China wind power industry

The development course of China wind power industry is reviewed by six stages. National policies on wind power industry are elaborated from the aspects of laws & regulations, planning, finance & taxation and electrovalence policy. And these policies have played an important supporting and regulating role in the development of wind power industry. The development status of China wind power industry is analyzed based on wind turbine installed capacity, wind power output and their growth rate. It is explained that national wind turbine manufacturers have kept developing and become strong by the data of new global installed capacity share of mainland wind turbine manufacturers in 2013 and the new global market share of 8 domestic enterprises among the world top 15 wind turbine manufacturers. But there are still 5 key problems which influence the development of national wind turbine need to be solved, including lack of top-level design, abandon and restriction wind power seriously, lack of R&D abilities, some of the key parts relying on imports and wind turbine facing a quality guarantee dilemma. Taking Sinovel Wind Group Co. Ltd. and Xinjiang Goldwind Sci & Tech Co. Ltd., the two leading companies as an example, their performance is analyzed and it’s pointed out that the wind industry must keep vigilant after the overspeed development. The enterprises should try to avoid neglecting cultivating their inner core competitive ability, including technology advancements and products reliability. Occupying the market with low price competition and expanding blindly is also not desirable. At last, the development prospects of our country’s wind power industry are analyzed and three proposals are put forward.     

水面蒸发对南水北调江苏段调水效率的影响

为了掌握南水北调东线江苏境内工程输水河道和调蓄湖库水面蒸发损失水量,及其所造成的泵站机组损失功率,了解水面蒸发对工程调水效率的影响,分析比较了适用于工程所在地区的水面蒸发量计算模型和计算公式,计算了工程沿线输水河道和调蓄湖库的水面蒸发量,分析了工程水面蒸发量的时间和空间分布特征.通过积分,计算了水面蒸发造成的各梯级泵站的流量损失和输入功率损失,求解并分析了水面蒸发对整个江苏段工程调水效率的影响.结果表明：工程沿线水面年蒸发量自南向北、西北方向逐渐递增;蒸发量夏季最高,冬季最低;全线平均水面年蒸发量为862.2 mm.洪泽湖、骆马湖、白马湖和输水河道蒸发损失水量分别占总蒸发损失水量的77.7%,13.3%,3.6%和5.4%,蒸发损失水量约占源头泵站抽水量的17.46%,使工程平均调水效率降低10.33%.调水工程可以考虑采用管道输水,从而避免蒸发损失.     

A flexible approach to managing variability in grain yield and nitrate leaching at within-field to farm scales

We up-scaled the APSIM simulation model of crop growth, water and nitrogen dynamics to interpret and respond to spatial and temporal variations in soil, season and crop performance and improve yield and decrease nitrate leaching. Grain yields, drainage below the maximum root depth and nitrate leaching are strongly governed by interaction of plant available soil water storage capacity (PAWC), seasonal rainfall and nitrogen supply in the water-limited Mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia (WA). APSIM simulates the interaction of these key system parameters and the robustness of its simulations has been rigorously tested with the results of several field experiments covering a range of soil types and seasonal conditions in WA. We used yield maps, soil and weather data for farms at two locations in WA to determine spatial and temporal patterns of grain yield, drainage below the maximum root depth and nitrate leaching under a range of weather, soil and nitrogen management scenarios. On one farm, we up-scaled APSIM simulations across the whole farm using local weather and fertiliser use data and the average PAWC values of soil type polygons. On a 70 ha field on another farm, we used a linear regression of apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) measured by EM38 against PAWC to transform an EC_a map of the field into a high resolution (5 m grid) PAWC map. We then used regressions of simulated yields, drainage below the maximum root depth and nitrate leaching on PAWC to upscale the APSIM simulations for a range of weather and fertiliser management scenarios. This continuous mapping approach overcame the weakness of the soil polygons approach, which assumed uniformity in soil properties and processes within soil type polygons. It identified areas at greatest financial and environmental risks across the field, which required focused management and simulated their response to management interventions. Splitting nitrogen applications increased simulated wheat yields at all sites across the field and decreased nitrate leaching particularly where the water storage capacity of the soil was small. Low water storage capacity resulted in both low wheat yields and large leaching loss. Another management option to decrease leaching may be to grow perennial vegetation that uses more water and loses less by drainage.Paper from the 5th European Conference on Precision Agriculture (5ECPA), Uppsala, Sweden, 2005     

Nitrogen nutrition diagnosis for olive trees grown in super-intensive cropping systems

Abstract

The results of a 4-year experiment combining irrigation, N, and K showed that to maintain productivity and tree growth it is necessary to attain a higher leaf N status than current diagnosis standards. To sustain high oil yield and quality and to avoid excessive vigor, a critical N concentration was established for olive trees of 1.94% for leaves sampled in July. A negative relationship was obtained between N leaf concentration and some quality parameters. Above 1.94% N, total phenolic content and oxidative stability fell below 220?mg kg^?1 and 10?hr, respectively. In addition, above this N leaf concentration other factors including the alternate bearing index (ABI) and vegetative growth distorted productive and qualitative responses. Moreover, the differential productive response of trees related to alternate fruit bearing status implies that the interpretation of leaf nitrogen content can be more accurate when ABI suggests an ON tree status.     

贵州生态承载力评价

基于生态承载力的理论和计算方法,采用《贵州省统计年鉴》生物资源和能源消费情况,计算和分析了贵州省2012年的生态承载力,结果表明,贵州省整个区域承载能力中等偏上,区域承受的压力不大。在9个地州中,最低的承栽压力度为0．43,最高的已达到1．53的强压水平。全省范围综合考虑,贵州省需发展循环经济,使社会、经济持续稳定发展,必须保护现有较好的生态环境并使资源能够持续利用,提高生态承载力,使经济发展同环境和自然资源的保护相统一。     

基于生态足迹的哈-大-齐区域土地承载力分析

该文以哈-大-齐区域为研究区,基于生态足迹理论,计算并分析了哈尔滨、大庆、齐齐哈尔3个地区2005-2012年的生态足迹、土地承载力,并且通过对哈-大-齐区域生态赤字及生态压力指数的计算,对区域的社会经济发展和问题作出了评价。结果表明:(1)3个地区的生态足迹不断加大,虽然土地承载力每年也在提高,但是土地的承载力远小于人们对自然生态的索取,造成了严重的生态赤字,平均生态压力指数不断增大。(2)在2008年前大庆地区生态足迹上升情况要比哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔地区明显,但是在2008年后哈尔滨地区生态足迹上升明显,在2010年末超过了大庆市,齐齐哈尔地区总体增长较为平缓。综合分析,哈尔滨与大庆的生态赤字极差很大,生态破坏程度比齐齐哈尔地区要大的很多。     

基于耕地承载力的十堰市畜禽养殖环境风险评价

【目的】十堰市是南水北调中线工程的核心水源区,全面认识畜禽养殖污染现状及其对耕地的潜在威胁,为加强畜禽粪便风险管控提供依据。【方法】运用畜禽粪便环境风险评价模型,对十堰市各县(区、市)2020年主要畜禽粪便来源结构进行定量分析,并从种养平衡视角对其环境风险进行综合评价。【结果】十堰市2020年主要畜禽养殖粪便猪粪当量达306.85×10⁴ t,且主要分布于郧阳区、丹江口市和房县,粪便中有机物的化学需氧量(COD)最大(57.00×10⁴ t),总氮(TN)(2.63×10⁴ t),总磷(TP)含量较少(0.65×10⁴ t)。十堰市畜禽养殖等标污染负荷总量为15.532×10¹⁰ m³,且在不同地区的来源结构差异明显,TP是畜禽养殖的首要污染物,其污染等标负荷占负荷总量的41.68%,其次为TN,污染负荷率为33.85%,COD的等标污染负荷率最小,为24.47%。养牛是十堰地区畜禽养殖面源污染的首要污染源,对等标污染负荷总量的贡献率达49.47%,其次为...     

早实核桃的生长发育特点和整形修剪技术

早实核桃具有结果早、分枝力强、花枝率高等生长发育特点,宜选择采用自然开心形、疏散分层形和纺锤形等整形方式。根据一些地区的试验结果现多提倡休眠期修剪,但尽可能延期进行以避开严重伤流期,以萌芽前结束修剪为宜。在修剪上应按照树体年龄和特点采取不同的技术。最后提出了修剪中应注意的问题。     

不同维生素预混料对科宝肉鸡生长性能、胫骨质量和抗氧化能力的影响

试验研究3种维生素预混料(处理1、2、3)对科宝肉鸡生长性能、胫骨质量及抗氧化能力的影响。1 200只科宝肉鸡随机分为3个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复40只鸡,试验期42 d。结果表明:与处理1相比,处理3和2可显著提高肉鸡21 d体重,显著降低1～21 d饲料增重比;处理3还显著提高肉鸡1～21 d体增重、采食量和21 d胫骨灰分和磷比例及42 d胫骨灰分、钙比例(P<0.05);与处理2相比,处理3显著提高肉鸡42 d胫骨磷比例(P<0.05)。与处理2和1相比,处理3显著提高肉鸡21 d血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力(P<0.05)。结果表明,根据科宝肉鸡的生长性能、胫骨质量和机体抗氧化能力,适宜维生素预混料为处理3。