红鳍东方鲀幼鱼相互残食的因子研究

为了有效预防红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubriges)鱼互相残食现象,提高育苗成活率。本研究以红鳍东方鲀为实验对象,于2011年4-7月期间,选取全长9.8~24.9 mm的红鳍东方鲀进行试验观察。研究了密度、浑浊度、饥饿、投喂状态、规格对每种鱼苗相互残食的影响程度。试验结果表明：全长9.8~24.9 mm的红鳍东方鲀幼鱼相互残食现象很激烈,死亡主要是由头先型相互残食引起的。投喂状态、个体大小差异、放养密度、饥饿对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的相互残食行为影响极显著,投喂不充分是导致红鳍东方鲀幼鱼发生相互残食的主要原因,当密度为4尾/L时,投喂不充分,相互残食死亡率最高为58%。     

两相流分离鳃与浑水水力分离清水装置的集成试验研究

将两相流分离鳃与浑水水力分离清水装置(以下简称装置)进行集成试验研究.研究表明,把分离鳃沿径向悬挂在装置柱体中后,装置在溢流清水浊度相同的情况下,溢流流量增加了1.5～2.0倍.而且分离鳃的数量对其溢流也有一定的影响,随着分离鳃数量的增加,溢流相同浊度清水的流量也随之增加.     

Effects of turbidity on feeding of the young-of-the-year pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in fishponds

The effect of water turbidity on the prey selection and consumption of the young-of-the-year (YOY) pikeperch in the planktivorous feeding stage was studied. Attention was paid particularly to the question of how the food selectivity depends on the size of YOY pikeperch and how the turbidity affects feeding in different size classes. Studies were carried out in ponds of two fish farms in Estonia over 4 years. Small cladocerans were the most preferred prey in the smallest pikeperch size class. In larger size classes, the most selected prey were the large cladocerans. Water turbidity affected the prey selection of the planktivorous pikeperch significantly. In more turbid environments, the larger zooplankters were more positively selected than the smaller ones. Turbidity decreased both total zooplankton consumption and Fulton's condition factor of fish only in the largest size class of pikeperch. The effect of turbidity on foraging and growth, and thus on the size of juvenile pikeperch of a particular year class is substantial under conditions where juveniles cannot shift from planktivory to piscivory.     

Factors influencing the abundance of the common bully, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, in small, North Island, New Zealand, lakes

Adult common bullies, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, are small (total length =  30–120 mm), benthic fish commonly found in the littoral zones of New Zealand lakes where they are a major prey species for trout and eels. Differences in their relative abundance (CPUE) were determined between 21 shallow North Island lakes. Mean CPUE ranged from 2 to >  1000 fish net^{− 1} night^{− 1} and was inversely related to water transparency. The abundance of bullies was not reduced in lakes containing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), but was reduced in all lakes containing self-recruiting populations of eels, Anguilla spp. Mean densities of planktonic larval bullies in the limnetic zone were also inversely related to water transparency. Since low water transparency is related to increased trophic status for these lakes, the abundance of bullies is likely to be related to lake productivity, rather than turbidity.     

PAFC对微山湖低温低浊水混凝效果初探

基于低温低浊水混凝效果差、处理方法复杂的现状,以微山湖的低温低浊水为试验水样,通过烧杯试验初步探讨了用聚合氯化铝铁做混凝剂的混凝效果。在试验水样中投加不同数量的所选混凝剂溶液,用电动搅拌器进行搅拌,充分混合、反应后测其在不同静沉时间时上清液的浊度和色度,取平均值作为测定结果。结果表明：在水温2.4℃,静沉21min时上清液即满足沉后出水浊度的要求;混凝剂中氧化铁的含量未造成出水色度增加;此时混凝剂的最佳投加量为10mg/L。可见,在不投加助凝剂的条件下直接用聚合氯化铝铁作混凝剂处理微山湖低温低浊水,其方法简单,可达到满意的混凝效果。     

引黄滴灌器堵塞环境因子的相关性分析

利用2013年5-10月对乌海市3个不同沉淀池水质的测定结果,以主要影响滴灌器堵塞因素的泥沙及其他相关指标的相关性作为主要研究对象,应用SPSS统计分析软件进行相关分析。研究结果表明:细菌总数与浊度呈显著正相关,说明泥沙是细菌生长繁殖的载体,泥沙的沉淀池中的含量决定了细菌总的数量。叶绿素a与浊度呈负相关性,说明泥沙的浓度影响水中藻类的生长,而影响不是很大,呈现不明显的相关性。受浊度影响较大的CODMn、氮和磷,延长停留时间更有利于泥沙的吸附沉淀。沉入水底的泥沙中含有大量的N,在一定的条件下会再次将N释放回水中。水中TP含量的变化与泥沙浓度呈线性关系,泥沙量越大吸附越快,同时TP含量越高越易被泥沙吸附。同时证实只要水中有泥沙颗粒,滴灌带中的泥沙必然被细菌附着。     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及絮凝性能研究

通过水溶液聚合,选择浓度为65%的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵为反应单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,乙二胺四乙酸二钠为助剂,合成了絮凝剂聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵。通过正交试验确定了合成的最佳条件并评价了合成产品的性能。研究结果表明,合成聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵各因素的最佳水平依次为反应温度为80℃,过硫酸铵用量为1·6%,乙二胺四乙酸二钠用量为0·12%,反应时间为8h,引发剂用水量为9ml,所得到的絮凝剂的除浊率可以达到94·4%。并初步讨论了合成产品PDMDAAC与无机絮凝剂复配以及复合的絮凝效果,取得较满意的效果。     

微灌用均质砂滤料过滤粉煤灰水时对颗粒质量分数与浊度的影响

为了搞清楚微灌用均质砂滤料的过滤效果,作者开展了均质砂滤料过滤对粉煤灰水质的固体颗粒质量分数和水质浊度影响的模型试验。对颗粒质量分数影响试验显示：虽然颗粒质量分数的平均滤除率均在59%以上,但试验数据变化幅度很大,说明过滤对颗粒质量分数的影响较为复杂;滤除率与过滤速度成负相关,与原水颗粒质量分数成正相关;试验数据验证了敏茨过滤方程表述的“过滤是吸附和脱落交互发生的过程”对微灌过滤条件的合理性,证明了微灌过滤水流流态均为非层流,多数情况处在层流与紊流的过渡区内。对浊度影响试验发现：滤层厚度对浊度滤除比起决定性的作用,浊度粒子吸附与脱落时间均大约在5～6 min,滤速对浊度去除率的影响是有限的。比较2个试验可看出：滤后水的颗粒质量分数和浊度值是2个不相关的参数,其过滤过程是截然不同的,进而得出以浊度指标来判断微灌过滤和反冲洗效果是不科学的。该试验为今后微灌过滤技术的发展提供了参考。     

灵芝孢子油掺伪其他常见食用油的快速检测方法研究

灵芝孢子油作为一种高级保健品,一些不法商家在灵芝孢子油中掺入低价食用油欺骗消费者,侵犯消费者的合法权益,影响产业发展。为研究灵芝孢子油与其他常见食用油的区别,收集了8种常见的食用油及灵芝孢子油进行检测,结果发现,利用糠醛对芝麻酚的显色反应、浑浊度温度实验、液相色谱法及气相色谱法,可快速、简便、经济地鉴别灵芝孢子油的纯度和品质。