Meta分析法研究亚麻籽对蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸的影响

为研究蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽对蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸富集的影响,根据相关标准,采用人工和系统的检索方法检索相关文章,并用荟萃分析(Meta-analysis)的方法分析计算合并标准均数差(SMD)及95%置信区间(95%CI)。通过检索与筛选,共有8篇文章21个试验被纳入,共包括1390个研究对象。Meta分析的结果显示:蛋黄中亚麻酸(ALA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、亚油酸(LA)、总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)、n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的SMD和95%CI分别为17.51(13.34,21.69)、5.39(4.22,6.55)、0.42(-0.39,1.23)、8.86(7.59,10.14)、-1.62(-2.54,-0.70)、-0.44(-0.97,0.08)和-5.22(-6.62,-3.82);混合线性模型的结果显示:DHA和n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽添加剂量,蛋黄中ALA、AA、LA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽的添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄。由分析结果可知,蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽能显著提高蛋黄中的ALA、DHA及n-3PUFA的含量并能显著降低AA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的水平,且富集水平受到亚麻籽添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄的影响。     

肝毒净颗粒的质量控制研究

对栀子和黄芩进行薄层色谱鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定肝毒净颗粒中绿原酸含量.色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液（8∶ 92）,检测波长为324.5 nm.绿原酸在0.161 6～1.292 8 mg范围内,峰面积与其呈良好线性关系（r= 0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.19% （n=6）,RSD=1.26%.本方法可用于控制肝毒净颗粒的质量.     

A New Cell Wall Located N-rich Protein is Strongly Induced During the Hypersensitive Response in Glycine Max L.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill, cv. Williams 82) plants and cell cultures respond to avirulent pathogens with a hypersensitive reaction. After inoculation of soybean with Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, carrying the avirulence gene avrA, or zoospores from the fungus Phytophthora sojae Race 1, a resistance-gene-dependent cell death programme is activated. A new gene was identified by differential display of mRNAs that is specifically activated during the early phase of incompatible pathogen-soybean interactions but does not respond to compatible pathogens. The gene is strongly induced within 2h after addition of P. sojae zoospores. A similar kinetic pattern was observed for P. syringae (avrA) inoculated soybean cell cultures. The gene encodes a deduced protein of 368 amino acids with a very high content of asparagine and was therefore termed N-rich protein (NRP). The protein is composed of two distinct domains, of which only the C-terminal domain has striking homology to proteins of unknown function from other plants. An antibody raised against the recombinant NRP recognizes a protein of 42kDa. The protein is located in the cell wall as indicated by cell fractionation studies. Comparison of the genomic DNA-sequence with the cDNA, identified two introns within the open reading frame. The NRP-gene is not directly induced by salicylic acid or hydrogen peroxide, indicating a distinct and specific signal transduction pathway which is only activated during programmed cell death. The NRP-gene appears to be a new marker in soybean activated early in plant disease resistance.     

Adsorption-desorption behaviour of flufenacet in five different soils of India

Adsorption-desorption of the herbicide flufenacet (FOE 5043) has been studied in five soils from different locations in India (Delhi, Ranchi, Nagpur, Kerala and Assam) varying in their physicochemical properties. The organic matter (OM) content varied from 0.072 to 0.864%, clay content from 2.5 to 43.7% and pH from 4.45 to 8.35. The adsorption studies were carried out using a batch equilibration technique. Ten grams of soil were equilibrated with 20 ml of aqueous 0.01 M CaCl2 solution containing different concentrations (0-30 mg litre-1) of flufenacet. After equilibration, an aliquot of supernatant was taken out for analysis. During desorption, the amount withdrawn for analysis was replenished with fresh 0.01 M CaCl2 solution and further equilibrated. Desorption studies were carried out with the 30 mg litre-1 concentration of flufenacet only. The adsorption studies revealed that there was moderate to high adsorption of flufenacet considering the comparatively low organic carbon content in the five test soils. Average Kd values ranged from 0.77 to 4.52 and Freundlich KF values from 0.76 to 4.39. The highest adsorption was observed in Kerala soil (OM 0.786%; clay 25%; pH 4.45) followed by Ranchi, Nagpur and Delhi soils, and the lowest in Assam soil (OM 0.553%; clay 2.5%; pH 6.87). The trend in adsorption could be attributed to the chemical nature of flufenacet and the physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, OM and clay contents. OM and clay contents were positively correlated whereas pH was negatively correlated. Soils having low pH, high OM and high clay contents showed higher adsorption. Desorption studies revealed that there was a hysteresis effect in all the soils. Hysteresis coefficient values (ratio of n(ad) and n(des)) varied from 0.09 to 0.45. The study implies that, because of its moderate to high adsorption, flufenacet is likely to persist in soil for some time. However, the possibility of its movement by leaching or surface run off is less.     

植物根围促生细菌菌剂增强玉米干旱耐受性研究

选用植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)菌剂BBS处理玉米幼苗,研究干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片相关生理特性及基因表达差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫15 d后,BBS处理组玉米幼苗的萎蔫程度显著低于对照组;处理组植株叶片MDA含量仅为对照组的74.35%,叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别是对照组的3.39倍和1.07倍;处理组植株叶片ZmP5CS1的表达水平及SOD活性均显著高于对照组;BBS处理组植株叶片在干旱胁迫过程中一直保持较低的H_2O_2含量。研究得出,BBS处理能够有效减缓干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗造成的伤害,进而加速正常浇水后的恢复。处理组植株叶片NCED1和ZmDREB2.7的高水平表达也表明干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗与BBS的互作过程可能有依赖ABA信号途径及不依赖ABA信号途径的共同参与。     

土壤干旱对两品种小麦根际土壤微生物群落组成和酶活性的影响

采用双因素随机试验,在小麦孕穗期、灌浆期和成熟期研究了土壤干旱对两品种小麦根际土壤微生物丰度、多样性及4种酶活性(蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和脱氢酶)的影响。试验设4个处理,即分别在土壤干旱和正常水分下种植小麦"矮抗58"(P1)和"泛麦8号"(P2)。结果表明:与正常水分处理(种植P1和P2)相比,孕穗期,土壤干旱处理下小麦P1和P2根际土中普通细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌的丰度显著降低了11.3%和6.9%、8.4%和8.2%;灌浆期,干旱处理下小麦P1和P2根际土中丛枝菌根真菌的丰度明显下降了34.3%和21.8%;成熟期,干旱处理下小麦P1和P2根际土中革兰氏阳性细菌、真菌的丰度显著降低30.9%和8.6%、34.1%和17.3%。土壤干旱对微生物多样性无显著影响,却显著降低了孕穗期和灌浆期的碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶活性和灌浆期的蔗糖酶活性,提高了成熟期的蔗糖酶活性。"矮抗58"比"泛麦8号"根际微生物多样性更高,但孕穗期其蔗糖酶活性更低。干旱与品种的交互作用对微生物各类群的丰度、多样性和4种酶活性的影响均不显著。综上,土壤干旱主要抑制微生物丰度,而品种间根际微生物多样性差异明显,干旱和品种均...     

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15系采用品种（系）间的双方方法育成，种子含油量42.43%，芥酸含量0.38%，硫甙含量19.01μmol/g。上海市油菜区域试验平均产量2147.3kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产31．3％，上海市油菜生产试验平均产量2700.0kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产12.6%。沪油15适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。     

Effects of Formulated Fertilizer Synergist on Abscisic Acid Accumulation, Proline Content and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice under Drought

To investigate the effects of formulated fertilizer synergist on the drought tolerance in rice,pot experiment was conducted to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics and the accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA)and proline in middle-season rice variety Peiliangyou 93.The synergist could improve the net photosynthetic rate,and coordination between the water loss and the CO2 absorption as well as reduce the harmful effect on photosynthetic process under drought conditions.Under drought,the ABA accumulated massively both in roots and leaves,while the ABA content in roots was far higher than that in leaves.The results indicate that synergist could increase the ABA accumulation,but reduce the proline accumulation in rice plant under drought.     

富含GABA和花色苷的发芽紫糙米加工工艺研究

紫糙米口感较粗糙,营养素有进一步提升空间.本研究以紫米稻谷为原料,研究浸泡及培养工艺,制备富含 γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和花色苷的发芽紫糙米,改善了口感.单因素实验结果表明,浸泡温度、浸泡时间、培养温度和培养时间对发芽紫糙米中GABA和花色苷含量有显著影响,再以GABA和花色苷含量综合评分为指标,经正交实验得到发芽工艺...     

γ-氨基丁酸和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉代谢通路在水稻籽粒发育过程中的变化分析

【目的】结合代谢组和转录组技术,分析香稻和非香稻不同发育时期籽粒中γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉（2AP）代谢通路主要化合物和基因的动态变化,为高含量GABA和2AP的水稻育种提供理论依据。【方法】本研究收集优质香籼稻美香占2号和优质籼稻黄华占花后8 d（乳熟期）、花后15 d（蜡熟期）、30 d（完熟期）的脱壳籽粒和花后40 d收获的籽粒的精米,对各样本采用LC-MS/MS和RNA-seq技术进行代谢产物检测和转录表达分析,分析两个水稻品种GABA和2AP代谢通路相关化合物的空间分布以及含量变化特征。【结果】代谢组数据PCA分析表明两个水稻品种乳熟期籽粒和花后40 d收获的籽粒的精米明显分离,蜡熟期和完熟期籽粒分离不明显。代谢组共鉴定出623种代谢物,四个时期差异代谢物合计161个。GABA和2AP通路中9个代谢物被检出,两个水稻品种的相关代谢物变化趋势相似,其中腐胺主要定位于籽粒的糊粉层,而亚精胺在内胚乳特异累积。转录组共检出3.3万个左右基因,其中检出GABA通路18个酶中的14个酶对应的基因有较高的表达水平,除Badh2外其他基因均不是差异表达基因,同一基因在两份水稻材料中的表达水平和变化趋势相似,GAD1、GABA-T1、DAO4和PAO4在相应同源基因中表达水平较高。黄华占籽粒中L-精氨酸和腐胺的代谢在蜡熟期已基本结束,美香占2号在籽粒整个发育期具有持续较强的多胺降解水平。美香占2号籽粒具有合成2AP的物质基础,多胺降解途径和谷氨酸-脯氨酸转化通路同时有助于2AP的积累。【结论】水稻籽粒GABA代谢以降解为主,GABA-T1和GABA-T2共同调控GABA的降解。GABA相关代谢物主要集中在糊粉层,黄华占籽粒中代谢物分布和基因表达特征与美香占2号相似,美香占2号籽粒成熟过程中具有持续较高的线粒体活性。