蜂蟹螨(Varroa destructor)对福化利抗药性及其防治的研究

建立培养皿药膜法进行蜂蟹螨福化利(Fluvalinate)抗药浓度检测方法。分别以福化利浓度为0、12.5、25、50、100mg/L进行台湾5处蜂场蜂蟹螨抗福化利剂量调查,经回归分析,计算LC50之浓度介于23.75～79.25mg/L之间,比意大利抗性螨385～857mg/L仍低很多,显示抗药性尚未大幅增加。以隔落螨法防治蜂蟹螨平均每日可捕捉44.7～49.1只。比较隔落螨法、割雄蜂蛹加隔落螨法、蚁酸加隔落螨法、福化利防治法的效果,当蜂蟹螨密度不高时,可采用隔落螨法或加割雄蜂蛹方式进行防治,蜂蟹螨密度高时,可先以福化利、蚁酸进行1～2次防治,再配合隔落螨法,将可达到长期防治效果。     

硫辛酸对海马CA1区锥体细胞凋亡的抑制作用

采用股动脉放血并双侧颈总动脉夹闭制作全脑缺血再灌注模型 ,于术后 1 d处死动物 ,取脑 ,制作石蜡切片 ,通过 HE染色、Tunel检测 ,以观察海马 CA1区锥体细胞的损伤形式 ,并探讨α-硫辛酸 (α-lipoic acid,L A)对实验性脑缺血再灌注的神经保护作用。结果表明 :在短暂性全脑缺血中 ,海马锥体细胞存在着凋亡和坏死两种死亡形式 ;与对照组相比 ,缺血再灌注后1 d,海马 CA1区损伤较重 ,出现了较多的凋亡细胞 ,而 L A可明显抑制锥体细胞的凋亡。实验证明 :在脑缺血再灌注损伤中 ,细胞凋亡是神经元死亡的一种重要形式 ;L A对脑缺血再灌注有明显神经保护作用     

12份苜蓿种质材料的氨基酸分析

以新疆大叶苜蓿品种为对照,对通过田间综合农艺特性评价筛选出的12份优良苜蓿种质材料分别进行了其盛花期第一茬草和再生草茎、叶及植株(全株)的氨基酸分析.结果表明盛花期刈割供试种质材料(包括对照)植株总氨基酸平均含量为11.83%,叶总氨基酸平均含量为17.99%,茎总氨基酸平均含量为6.10%;再生草植株总氨基酸平均含量为13.78%,叶总氨基酸平均含量为20.17%,茎总氨基酸平均含量为7.19%;供试的12号、9号、3号、5号、2号和8号种质材料含有相对于新疆大叶苜蓿品种较高的总氨基酸, 来自前苏联的12号种质材料还含有较高的必需氨基酸.     

不同植物油对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响

为改善牛奶脂肪酸构成,提高乳脂中CLA含量,研究瘤胃液、血浆和乳脂中脂肪酸的代谢规律,探寻提高乳品质的合适途径,本试验以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究向日粮中添加不同植物油(即葵花油、亚麻油、菜籽油,3种日粮的粗脂肪含量基本相同)对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中CLA的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加3种不同植物油,葵花油组、亚麻油组乳脂中的CLA比例均显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05),且以葵花油组最高;乳脂中PUFA的比例则是亚麻油组显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05);(2)3组间血浆中C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0的比例差异不显著(P>0.05),菜籽油组C18∶1的比例显著高于亚麻油组和葵花油组(P<0.05),而后两组差异不显著(P>0.05),亚麻油组和葵花油组t11-C18∶1的比例与菜籽油组间差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),亚麻油组和菜籽油组中C18∶2的比例差异显著(P<0.05);(3)采食添加不同植物油日粮后,瘤胃液中各种脂肪酸动态变化的平均值差异不显著(P>0.05)。总的趋势是随着时间的延长,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加,而不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少。瘤胃液中CLA的比例不同时间点均较低。由本研究可知,在优化奶牛乳脂肪酸构成提高CLA含量方面,以葵花油效果最好。     

不同氧化方法对羽毛粉中胱氨酸生成磺基丙氨酸效果的影响

采用均匀设计方法研究了过甲酸法、过乙酸法氧化羽毛粉中胱氨酸为磺基丙氨酸的效果，结果表明，两种方法的效果无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。从实用经济角度来考虑，以使用过乙酸氧化法为宜。使用此法的最适条件为：过乙酸用量（Ｘ１）０．１ｍＬ／ｇ羽毛粉，过乙酸组成（Ｘ２）（过氧化氢∶乙酸）１∶８；过乙酸的浓度（Ｘ３）９０％；氧化温度１１０℃（Ｘ４）；氧化时间（Ｘ５）８ｈ。在此条件下，磺基丙氨酸最佳得率为８．０２％。氧化条件（Ｘ）与生成磺基丙氨酸（Ｙ）之间的回归方程：ｙ＝０．９４２２＋０．０６８６Ｘ１＋０．５７８７Ｘ２＋０．００４９Ｘ３＋０．００５２Ｘ４＋０．２９５９Ｘ５。     

Ascorbic acid ameliorates dysregulated folliculogenesis induced by mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in neonatal mouse ovaries via reducing ovarian oxidative stress

Phthalates, including di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), are common industrial chemicals in the environment. Recent evidence indicates that DEHP and its active metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) negatively modulate reproductive functions and induce reactive oxygen species. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a dietary requirement for primates, and it acts as a potent free radical scavenger to protect tissues against oxidative stress. In this study, to investigate the toxic effects of MEHP on the follicle development and the beneficial role of AA, neonatal mouse ovaries were treated with different concentrations of MEHP with or without AA for 6 days. Then, the follicle constitution and oxidative status were compared in different groups. Results showed MEHP accelerated primordial follicle recruitment by increasing the percentage of primary and secondary follicles and decreasing the percentage of primordial follicles in the ovaries. Moreover, MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress by significantly increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the expression of GSS and SOD1. When ovaries were co-administrated with MEHP and AA, follicle constitution was normalized, and the oxidative status was significantly decreased. These results suggested that AA ameliorated MEHP-induced ovarian oxidative stress and follicular dysregulation, which attested the clinical significance of AA for ovary protection in the case of MEHP exposure.     

Across-breed validation study confirms and identifies new loci associated with sexual precocity in Brahman and Nellore cattle

The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions associated with sexual precocity in Bos indicus. Nellore and Brahman were set as validation and discovery populations, respectively. SNP selected in Brahman to validate in Nellore were from gene regions affecting reproductive traits (G1) and significant SNP (p ≤ 10^–3) from a meta-analysis (G2). In the validation population, early pregnancy (EP) and scrotal circumference (SC) were evaluated. To perform GWAS in validation population, we used regression and Bayes C. SNP with p ≤ 10^–3 in regression and Bayes factor ≥3 in Bayes C were deemed significant. Significant SNP (for EP or SC) or SNP in their ±250 Kb vicinity region, which were in at least one discovery set (G1 or G2), were considered validated. SNP identified in both G1 and G2 were considered candidate. For EP, 145 SNP were validated in G1 and 41 in G2, and for SC, these numbers were 14 and 2. For EP, 21 candidate SNP were detected (G1 and G2). For SC, no candidate SNP were identified. Validated SNP and their vicinity region were located close to quantitative trait loci or genes related to reproductive traits and were enriched in gene ontology terms related to reproductive success. These are therefore strong candidate regions for sexual precocity in Nellore and Brahman.     

近红外光谱分析技术在测定饲料中植酸磷含量上的应用

植酸是一种抗营养因子。传统的用三氯化铁沉淀植酸的化学分析法费时费工,不能满足饲料工业发展的需要。为了寻求快速检测饲料中植酸磷(简称P.P.)含量的手段,本试验运用近红外光谱分析技术(简称 NIRS),分别以植酸磷含量较高的米糠饼和植酸磷含量较低的高粱为样品,对这两种饲料的化学分析法测值与近红外光谱法测值进行了比较。试验结果表明:用48个米糠饼样品和50个高粱样品进行定标,相关系数(R,下同)分别为0.901和0.890,残余标准差(RSD,下同)分别为0.06和0.03;另用不参与定标的25个米糠饼样品和21个高粱样品对定标结果进行检验,R 分别为0.803和0.917,RSD 分别为0.07和0.02。NIRS 法的分析精度基本上可以达到化学分析法的要求。作者认为,达项技术作为饲料中 PP 含量快速分析的手段是可行的。     

牛乳脂共轭亚油酸的合成及其营养调控

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是存在于动物脂肪和乳脂中的天然活性成分。本文综述了牛乳脂CLA的来源、合成机制及其营养调控。