观赏型金豆新品系‘桔豆’的选育与栽培技术要点

‘桔豆’由实生单株选育而成。该品系具有果色鲜艳、花量大、坐果率高、树姿美观等优良观赏特性,且挂果期长,挂果时间可从10月中旬至次年的3-4月,作为观赏果树有着良好的应用前景。     

基于三维激光点云的树木胸径自动提取方法

胸径是评价林木生长状况的重要参数之一。针对接触式人工测量自动化程度低和基于点云的现有算法提取树木胸径精度不高的问题,提出一种基于点云数据的自动准确获取树木胸径的新方法。该方法以树木点云数据为基础,运用蚁群算法和B样条曲线拟合技术,实现树木胸径的自动准确提取。对实验区树木测量计算,结果表明,利用该方法提取树木胸径的均方根误差为±0.19 cm,平均绝对误差为0.15 cm,相对于基于点云的传统算法提取精度分别提高了50%和60.7%。该方法基于高精度点云数据,实现了树木胸径的无损自动提取,在精准林业领域具有推广价值。     

An Aqueous Extract of the Dry Mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum Induces Resistance in Several Crops under Controlled and Field Conditions

We have examined the effect of Pen, an aqueous extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum, on plant–pathogen interactions. Pen controlled a broad range of pathogens on several crop plants under greenhouse and field conditions. Pen protected grapevine from downy and powdery mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola and Uncinula necator), tomato from early blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans), onion from downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) and apple trees from apple scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis) to a similar extent as fungicides such as copper and sulphur or well-known inducers such as benzothiadiazole or β-aminobutyric acid. Pen had no major direct fungicidal effect and is thus supposed to protect plants by activating their defense mechanisms. The raw material for extraction of Pen was available in constant quality, a prerequisite for commercial application. Under certain conditions, Pen caused phytotoxic side effects. The symptoms mostly consisted of small necrotic spots or, more rarely, of larger necrotic areas. The development of the symptoms was dependent on several parameters, including concentration of Pen, the number of applications, the persistence on the plant tissue, the plant species and variety and environmental conditions. In grapevine, a partially purified fraction of Pen was much less toxic than the crude Pen extract, but protected the plants to a similar extent against P. viticola. Our data show that Pen has interesting and unique properties as a plant protection agent, but more research is needed to further reduce its phytotoxic side effects.     

黄斑长翅卷蛾性信息素研究进展

黄斑长翅卷蛾是我国北方果园的重要经济害虫之一。利用性信息素监测和防治果树害虫是安全治理害虫的有效途径。文章综述了黄斑长翅卷蛾性信息素的生物学、化学、感受系统、行为学及其田间应用等研究现状,讨论了存在的问题、研究重点及应用前景。     

30年生不同生长势杉木的胸径和树高的生长动态

采用树干解析法获取3种不同生长势（优势木、中庸木、被压木）杉木的胸径、树高生长数据,利用ForStat的生长曲线模拟杉木的胸径模型和树高模型,结果表明,Richards生长曲线是分析杉木胸径和树高的适宜生长曲线;3种不同生长势的杉木胸径生长曲线和树高生长曲线均呈“S”状曲线,有较高的相关性。     

茶树精油-海藻酸钠复合涂膜对鲜切苹果品质的影响

以山东富士苹果为试材,通过测定鲜切苹果经不同浓度茶树精油(0.1％、0.3％、0.5％(V/V))和1.5％(m/V)海藻酸钠复合涂膜处理后,在4℃贮藏过程中失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、色差、VC含量、总酚含量及抗氧化活性的变化,研究茶树精油-海藻酸钠复合涂膜对鲜切苹果品质的影响.结果表明:适宜浓度的茶树精油复合海藻酸钠涂膜处理可以有效保持鲜切苹果的鲜度和硬度,减少失重率的增加和可溶性固形物含量的降低,抑制褐变,同时减缓VC含量、总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除能力的下降速度.其中,1.5％海藻酸钠和0.1％茶树精油复配涂膜处理鲜切苹果的效果最佳.该研究结果可为茶树精油复合海藻酸钠涂膜在鲜切水果保鲜上的深入研究和应用提供参考.     

茶树油对香蕉果实的保鲜效果

研究茶树油（TTO）处理对香蕉果实采后病害控制和贮藏期果实品质的影响。结果表明：利用1.25 g/L TTO熏蒸处理能够有效控制香蕉果实的发病,推迟了果实果皮的褪绿变黄,延缓了果肉硬度和淀粉含量的下降,维持了较高的可溶性糖含量,有利于保持果实的外观和品质;同时随着果皮表面残留TTO的迅速挥发,果实保持了自身较好的风味。TTO作为一种天然的防腐剂,在果蔬采后防腐保鲜方面具有应用前景。     

Acanthocephalan infection and sparganosis in a green tree snake (Dendrelaphis punctulata)

Acanthocephalan and spargana parasites were identified within a body wall mass during exploratory surgery in a wild green tree snake. Acanthocephalan parasites have not previously been reported in this species. Surgical excision, the treatment of choice, could not be achieved because of the extensive infiltration of the coelomic cavity.     

苹果树种植对黄土旱塬土壤蒸发的影响

以陕西长武旱塬为例,分别对研究区农地和5个不同林龄(9、12、16、19 a和23 a)苹果园的土壤剖面氢氧稳定同位素进行测定,利用Craig-Gordon模型定量估算其土壤平均蒸发量,并基于“空间换时间”方法分析果园种植及生长对土壤蒸发的影响。结果表明：农地及9、12、16、19、23 a林龄苹果园的土壤蒸发量均随苹果树的种植及生长呈现先减少再增大的趋势,年均蒸发量分别为129、104、89、119、128、136 mm;苹果园的土壤蒸发量变化与叶面积指数呈显著负相关(R=-0.713);苹果园种植的前中期(9～12 a)土壤蒸发量随叶面积指数增加逐渐减小,而在中后期(12～23 a)深层土壤水被大量消耗造成的干旱胁迫使得果树叶面积减少,从而导致林下土壤蒸发量又逐渐增大。     

樟树溃疡病综合防治研究

樟树溃疡病菌为弱寄生茵，主要从植株伤口和衰弱组织侵入。在防治上应采取以营林技术措施为基础，以减少创伤，提高植株抗病力为主的综合防治措施；即(1)选用健壮无病苗木；(2)选择土壤肥沃、湿润、深厚、排水良好的中性或微酸性土壤的林地造林；(3)避免植株机械损伤和日光灼伤；(4)在子囊孢子释放初期喷施70％甲基托布津1000倍液、40％多茵灵1000倍液、70％代森锰锌500倍液或等量式波尔多液等药剂保护；植株发病后和整枝伤口处，喷施70％甲基托布津1000倍液或40％多茵灵1000倍液等药剂。