子京和油丹的研究与保护

子京和油丹是我国海南省珍贵用材树种,有着重要的经济和科研价值,但天然林资源逐渐减少,均被列为国家二级濒危重点保护野生植物,急需加强对子京和油丹的保护、研究和开发利用.在进行子京和油丹天然资源调查和收集的基础上,文章从应用价值、生物学特性、分布生境、濒危现状、繁殖育苗、引种栽培和保护利用等方面进行了介绍和探讨,提出了子京...     

Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach

The quantity of water available for irrigation is getting scarce in many countries and it assumes great importance for assured crop production, especially in view of the erratic behavior of the monsoon. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the water efficiency of irrigation systems. One-way of improving the efficiency of the irrigation system is reusing the return flow from the irrigation system. This task requires quantification of return flow, which still remains as a grey area in irrigation water management. The estimation of return flow from the irrigation system is usually obtained using thumb rules depending upon the site-specific conditions like command area conditions and soil properties. In this paper, a hierarchical modeling technique, namely, regression tree is developed for return flow estimation. Regression tree is built through binary recursive partitioning. The effective rainfall, inflow, consumptive water demand, and percolation loss are taken as predictor variables and return flow is treated as the target variable. The applicability of the hierarchical model is demonstrated through a case study of Periyar-Vaigai Irrigation System in Tamil Nadu, India. The model performance shows a good match between the simulated and the field measured return flow values. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients are high for both single as well as double crop seasons.     

大理市绿地系统树种规划研究

在对大理市绿地系统中园林绿化树种应用现状调查的基础上,分析了其树种规划存在的问题,结合市情,探讨了大理市树种规划的基本原则,提出了树种规划的主要方式.     

城市绿化中大树反季节移植技术

阐述了大树反季节移植在城市绿化中的重要作用,以及影响大树移植成活的原因。提出了提高大树反季节移植成活率的技术措施。     

不同生长期橡胶叶对六点始叶螨选择性及种群增长影响

为了探明不同生长期橡胶叶对六点始叶螨Eotetranychus sexmaculatus(Riley)选择性及种群增长的影响,在室内测定古铜期、淡绿期、稳定期、老化期的橡胶叶对六点始叶螨的产卵选择、取食选择、发育、存活及繁殖的影响。结果表明:六点始叶螨对不同生长期橡胶叶的取食选择和产卵选择由多到少依次为:古铜期、淡绿期、稳定期、老化期,说明该螨在转移为害过程中优先选择幼嫩叶片;世代发育历期以取食老化期的最长,为20.9 d,取食古铜期最短,为16.9 d。世代存活率、净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)由大到小依次为:古铜期、淡绿期、稳定期、老化期。因此,古铜期的橡胶叶最适合六点始叶螨的发育、存活及种群增长,随着橡胶叶的老化越不利于该虫的生长发育及繁殖。     

华北沙地小黑杨林生物量及其与树冠关系的研究

应用相对生长法和典型样方调查法对华北沙地不同密度、不同年龄的小黑杨人工林生物量和生产力进行了估算,同时对树冠与生物量的关系进行了研究。结果表明:密度为1 000株· hm^-2、500株· hm^-2、250株· hm^-2的小黑杨林分(27年生)的生物量分别为85.31 t·hm^-2、102.60 t·hm^-2、86.74 t·hm^-2;生产力分别为3.16 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.80 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.21 t·hm^-2·a^-1,密度500株· hm^-2为华北沙地小黑杨的合理密度。不同密度小黑杨不同器官生物量所占的比例差异不明显,地上部分生物量在83% - 86%之间,其中干57% - 62%,枝11% - 16%,叶2% - 3%,皮8% - 10%;地下部分生物量在14% - 17%之间。对不同年龄小黑杨的生物量和生产力研究表明,27年生的比23年生的分别高59.74%和36.20%。同时,23年生小黑杨的根、叶所占比例明显高于27年生的根、叶比例,但是干生物量所占比例低于27年生小黑杨,反映了23年生小黑杨的生物量和生产力处在快速生长期,小黑杨的轮伐期应在27年以后。小黑杨生物量与树冠之间存在极显著的相关关系,其中树干生物量与树冠指数之间可以用线性模型y=ax+b描述,利用遥感技术可以反映小黑杨林树干生物量,为进一步利用遥感预测小黑杨木材材性提供了重要的基础数据。     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration     

联合收割机液压系统故障树分析

故障树分析法(FTA)是一种将系统故障形成的原因由总体到部分按倒立树形状逐级细化的分析方法,是一种对系统设计、故障分析和排除非常有效的方法。为此,应用故障树分析方法对联合收割机液压系统进行了分析,根据液压系统结构以及组件与系统之间的逻辑关系,绘制了系统的故障树,并通过结构函数表示了各种因素对系统状态的影响。     

大兴安岭火烧迹地主要目的树种的天然更新

对不同火烧方式、火烧强度、林分组成、坡向、坡位、郁闭度、土壤厚度、下木盖度、地被物盖度、林龄等条件下的样地的天然更新情况进行了调查。结果表明:地表火火烧迹地的天然更新效果好于树冠火火烧迹地;中度火烧迹地好于重度火烧迹地;发生火烧的林分比未发生火烧的林分天然更新效果好。     

根域限制栽培对主干形‘圆梦’桃生长和果实品质的影响

根域限制栽培具有控制树冠、促进果树成花的优点,适宜在主干形整枝的密植果园中应用,但不同品种桃表现不同。‘圆梦’桃是由‘湖景蜜露’和‘白丽’杂交而来的中晚熟新品种,为明确‘圆梦’用作南方密植品种的适用性,以浙江省桃主栽品种‘湖景蜜露’为对照品种,对其营养生长、成花量和果实品质进行了研究,结果表明根域限制栽培的‘圆梦’树体营养生长和枝条成花量与‘湖景蜜露’基本一致,且果型大小、糖度、色泽更优。