Cotton Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100, China

During the long process of evolution, plants have adapted to their environments through the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SM) using the acetate-malonate pathway, mevalonic acids pathway, or shikimic acid pathway, leading to resistance to different pests. As a major cash crop, cotton can produce many secondary metabolites with insecticidal activity, and show self-defense mechanisms under biotic stress conditions. These characteristics of cotton ensure reduced pest incidence and maintenance of ecological balance. This paper discusses the types of SMs, their synthesis, and insect resistance of cotton secondary metabolites in relation to their defense function. We propose possible pest-control strategies using secondary metabolites in cotton.     

导入TaNHX2基因提高中林美荷杨耐盐性的研究

中林美荷杨具有生长速度快、扦插成活率高及木材材质好等优点,因而倍受欢迎,是西部大开发重点推广的绿化造林树种。为提高该树种的耐盐性,充分适应西北广大地区干旱盐碱地,将小麦耐盐基因TaNHX2导入中林美荷杨基因组中,以提高其的耐盐性。采用叶片和叶柄作为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法,将TaNHX2导入中林美荷杨基因组中,对所获得的杨树转基因植株进行PCR和Southern blotting分析,结果表明TaNHX2基因多以单拷贝整合到受体基因组中。转基因幼苗经过不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理,表现出一定的耐盐性。中林美荷杨耐盐株系的获得为该树种绿化造林的推广和丰产提供了保障。     

农杆菌介导FT基因转化嘎拉苹果的研究

用农杆菌介导法对苹果品种嘎拉转化FT基因进行了研究,建立了苹果离体叶片高效再生体系,在含BA 5mg／L＋IAA 0．5mg／L的MS培养基上,以离体叶片远轴面（叶背面）向上,经过14d的暗培养获得再生不定芽和再生植株,再生率达97％。在转基因再生体系中,以头孢噻肟钠500mg／L和卡那霉素5mg／L,作为脱菌培养和选择培养的条件,经过感染携带拟南芥FT基因的农杆菌,获得了一批转FT基因的植株,经PCR检测,目的基因已经整合到苹果基因组中。     

Inheritance and field performance of transgenic Korean Bt rice lines resistant to rice yellow stem borer

Transgenic Korean rice plants containing the cry1Ab gene were developed for resistance against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, YSB). More than 100 independent transgenic lines from three Korean varieties (P-I, P-II and P-III) were generated. The amount of Cry1Ab in transgenic T₀ plants was as high as 2.88% of total soluble proteins. These levels were sufficient to cause 100% mortality of YSB larvae. The majority of T₁ transgenic lines originated from the varieties P-I and P-II followed a Mendelian fashion of segregation. Deviation from the expected segregation ratio was observed in a small number of the transgenic lines of P-I and P-II origins. However, this deviation was primarily observed in the P-III originated lines. Segregation analysis of the T₁ generation indicated that 1–3 copies of the cry1Ab gene were integrated into the genome of the majority of the transgenic lines originating from varieties P-I and P-II. Stunted and semi-fertile mutants were observed in some transgenic lines. These aberrations were either independent or closely linked to the introduced cry1Ab gene loci in different transgenic lines. Reduction in GUS expression levels and loss of toxicity against YSB larvae were found in some transgenic lines. The transgenic T₃ and T₄ lines causing 100% mortality of third instar YSB larvae in the lab were completely protected in the field. Analysis of important yield components on nine selected transgenic lines indicated that stem length, panicle length, grain number per panicle, and seed setting rates were reduced in transgenic plants compared to those in non-transgenic parental rice lines. Number of panicles per cluster, however, was significantly higher in transgenic plants. The numerical value of the average yield was in general greater in the controls than in all the transgenic lines, indicating some ‘yield drag’. Since some selected lines were highly resistant to the YSB with good yielding potential, they offer effective potential for use in insect resistance management programs.     

基因枪介导的海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense L.)茎尖遗传转化体系的建立

以新疆海岛棉品种新海13号的茎尖为转化受体,采用基因枪介导法,研究DNA包裹浓度、微载体种类、前渗处理时间、轰击条件、筛选方法等对茎尖转化的影响,建立了基因枪法介导的海岛棉茎尖转化体系。研究结果表明,采用1.5μg·μL-1的质粒DNA包裹1.0μm金粉微载体,前渗处理12 h,轰击压力为7.584 MPa(1100 psi),轰击距离为6 cm,后渗处理16 h,恢复处理24 h,在120 mg·L-1卡那霉素浓度下直接筛选35 d。在添加4g·L-1活性炭粒的生根培养基中诱导抗性幼苗生根,获得抗性再生植株。通过PCR和RT-PCR检测,共得到5株转抗除草剂基因EPSPS的阳性植株。该研究体系的建立为海岛棉的遗传转化奠定了基础,为海岛棉的育种工作提供了材料。     

浅析淮南市潘集现代农业示范园区规划

浅析了淮南市潘集现代农业示范园区规划,对规划的背景、示范区现状、规划意义、规划目标、示范区的空间结构布局和功能分区以及规划的创新进行了充分的分析。淮南是全国重要的大型煤炭生产基地,面临着资源枯竭的危机和产业转型的机遇,综合示范区现有农业资源禀赋、产品定位、空间分布、市场区位和交通条件等因素,通过不同功能区的培育和交通系统的完善,因地制宜,针对性地提出了现代农业的规划,形成六区一带的总体格局,将蔬菜、粮食、循环养殖、加工物流、观光农业等产业及新农村建设有机结合,为采煤塌陷区产业转型提出了有效的现代农业的规划思路,促进潘集区现代农业的快速发展,给当地带来十分广阔的发展前景,给类似地区的发展提供参考。     

影响农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化条件的研究

利用小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的高效再生体系,对影响农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化条件:预培养时间、共培养时间、抗生素(Kan)筛选压、头抱霉素浓度、菌液浓度和侵染时间等进行了研究。最后确立的转化条件为:预培养时间为1～2d,共培养时间为3d,Kan筛选压为100mg/L,头孢霉素所用浓度500mg/L,当菌液浓度OD600=0.6浸染45min。并对得到的再生植株进行了PCR检测,初步证实了目的基因转到了小麦基因组中。     

棉花叶绿体基因组的研究进展

近年来,随着分子生物学技术的应用与发展,对棉花叶绿体基因组也有了新认识。本文概述了棉花叶绿体基因组的研究进展,从棉花叶绿体基因组的图谱、功能基因的克隆及研究、叶绿体RNA编辑以及叶绿体转化等方面进行了介绍和评述,并对其在基础研究与应用研究中的前景进行了展望。     

Affine invariant shape recognition with particle swarmoptimization algorithm

Focusing on the problem that affine transformation will exist among the contour images due to variation of the viewpoints, a new approach to extract affine invariant features and matching strategy is proposed for shape recognition. First, the centroid distance and azimuth angle of each boundary point are computed. Then, with a prior defined angle interval, all the points in the neighbor region of the sample point are considered to calculate the average distance for eliminating noise. After that, the centroid distance ratios(CDRs) of any two contour points with angle difference of 180° are achieved as the representation of the shape, which would be invariant to affine transformation. Since the angles of contour points changed non linearly among affine related images, the CDRs should be resampled to build corresponding relationship. It could be regarded as an optimization problem of path planning. In our method, a PSO based path planning model is presented to address this problem. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in shape recognition with translation, scaling, rotation, distortion and noise interference.     

植物种子大小调控信号通路研究进展

种子发育及其调控机制是发育生物学中重要的问题.在被子植物中,种子发育从双受精事件开始,继而形成二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳,种皮包裹着胚和胚乳,胚、胚乳和种皮协调生长和调控,从而确定种子的最终大小.种子生长主要由合子组织和母体的内部遗传信息控制.种子大小可通过调节胚乳生长来控制,即种子大小取决于合子组织的基因型.母体为胚胎和胚...