利用小波分析诊断农机产品变速箱齿轮故障

介绍小波变换的基本原理，针对农机产品变速箱齿轮出现故障时产生的非稳态脉冲信号特点，选择合适的小波。应用小波变换准确地诊断变速箱齿轮裂纹故障，证明了小波分析的应用价值。     

Mechanism of Fuzilizhong decoction alleviating inflammatory damage of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To observe the effect of Fuzilizhong decoction on the inflammatory damage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： control group, model group, high dose （20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, middle dose （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, low dose （5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） Fuzilizhong decoction group and Yishanfu （30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）group, 8 rats in each group. A NAFLD rat modelwas established by intragastric administration of fat emulsion for 4 weeks. Then the drug was given for 4 weeks in each treatment group. HE staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of the rat liver.The serum levels of interleukin-2（IL-2）, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were measured by ELISA. The expression of toll like receptor 4（TLR4） and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western bolt,respectively. RESULTS Compared with control group, the inflammatory damage of liver tissue was more serious, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly increased in model group（P<0.05）. However, compared with model group, the liver pathological changes in each treatment group were significantly relieved, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.In addition, the changes of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels in liver tissue were consistent with the changes of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 mRNA. CONCLUSION Fuzilizhong decoction attenuates the inflammatory damages of NAFLD in rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.     

p300/p53/Smad3 pathway involved in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the role of p300 in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts （HAFs） and its potential mechanism. METHODS HAFs were obtained from human left atrial tissue, and the senescence model was established by cell passage. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-Gal） staining was used to detect the cell senescence, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of p300, p53, Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins in HAFs. RESULTS Compared to passage 3 HAFs, the proportion of senescent cells, and the protein levels of p300, p53, p-Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were increased in HAFs at passage 7 and 11 （P<0.05）. After treated with curcumin （a p300 inhibitor） or transfection with p300 small-hairpin （sh） RNA plasmid, the protein levels of p300, and the senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were decreased in HAFs at passage 7（P<0.05）. Up-regulation of p300 by transfection with p300 over-expression plasmid increased the protein levels of p53, Smad3 and MMP-2 in HAFs at passage 3 （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION p300/p53/Smad3 signaling pathway plays an important role in aging-related atrial fibrosis in HAFs.     

Effects of naringenin on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM To observe the effect of naringenin on cardiac injury in ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） rats, and to explore whether the role of naringenin is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways. METHODS SD rats （n=48） were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, model （I/R） group, naringenin treatment （NAR） group and naringenin+LY294002 （NL） group. Myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I （cTnI） was measured by ELISA. HE staining, TTC staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the myocardial histopathological changes, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） and caspase-12 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-PI3K and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, the serum content of cTnI, myocardial pathological damage, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased （P<0.05）, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were increased in NAR group （P<0.05）. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of naringenin to some extent. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats possibly by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways.     

环鄱阳湖城市群土地利用功能转型及其驱动机制

快速城镇化背景下,推进土地利用高质量转型是实现区域可持续协同发展的重要路径。该研究基于土地利用主导功能,运用综合指数法、耦合协调度模型和时空地理加权回归模型（geographically and temporally weighted regression, GTWR）等方法,分析了环鄱阳湖城市群土地利用功能转型的时空演变特征、耦合协调水平及其驱动机制。结果表明：1）2000—2020年,环鄱阳湖城市群土地利用功能指数从0.20上升到0.55,持续优化提升,但总体上处于中低水平,土地利用功能水平表现为阶段性的变化特征;土地利用功能指数逐渐呈现出中西高、东部低的空间格局。2）生产-生活-生态功能及生产-生活功能的协调度指数持续上升,其余耦合度及协调度指数均呈波动发展的趋势,耦合协调度指数呈现中部和西南部高、东北和西北部低的空间分布格局;以低质量转型为主,平均占比约为50%,功能转型质量有所提升,中西部区县的土地利用功能转型质量要明显优于北部和东部区县。3）不同影响因子的驱动作用存在显著的空间差异。人口密度和城镇化水平的正向驱动作用持续增强,二三产业占比的负向驱动作用增强,人均GDP、人均固定资产投资和人均粮食产量的影响力趋于减弱。应根据各区县土地利用功能的转型阶段,实行差别化的发展政策,补齐区县发展短板,提升功能系统间的耦合协调度。研究结果可为提高区域用地效率,促进土地利用多功能协同发展提供参考和决策依据。     

In Vitro Anticancer and Cancer-Preventive Activity of New Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Starfish Solaster pacificus

Sea stars or starfish (class Asteroidea) and holothurians or sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea), belonging to the phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms), are characterized by different sets of glycosidic metabolites: the steroid type in starfish and the triterpene type in holothurians. However, herein we report the isolation of eight new triterpene glycosides, pacificusosides D–K (1–3, 5–9) along with the known cucumarioside D (4), from the alcoholic extract of the Far Eastern starfish Solaster pacificus. The isolated new compounds are closely related to the metabolites of sea cucumbers, and their structures of 1–3 and 5–9 were determined by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques. Compounds 2, 5, and 8 have a new type of tetrasaccharide chain with a terminal non-methylated monosaccharide unit. Compounds 3, 6, and 9 contain another new type of tetrasaccharide chain, having 6-O-SO₃-Glc as one of the sugar units. The cytotoxic activity of 1–9 against non-cancerous mouse epidermal cells JB6 Cl41 and human melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-2, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 was determined by MTS assay. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 showed potent cytotoxicity against these cell lines, but the cancer selectivity (SI > 9) was observed only against the SK-MEL-2 cell line. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 μM significantly inhibited neoplastic cell transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells induced by chemical carcinogens (EGF, TPA) or ionizing radiation (X-rays and UVB). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 µM possessed the highest inhibiting activity on colony formation among the investigated compounds and decreased the colonies number of SK-MEL-2 cells by 64% and 70%, respectively. Thus, triterpene glycosides 1 and 4 can be considered as prospective cancer-preventive and anticancer-compound leaders.     

地域民族传统文化与西部开发中技术转移关系的思考

地域民族传统文化与技术转移的关系密切,地域民族传统文化不仅是一种重要的文化资源,同时还对技术转移存在极大的促进作用,但有时还会阻碍技术转移的进一步实施与实现。西部大开发必须进行必要的技术转移,由于少数民族地区某些文化的滞后性和封闭性,使西部开发中技术转移与其民族传统文化产生了摩擦,超越传统文化,克服陈旧意识,转变思想观念,不断创新,营造先进的文化环境,为技术转移培育强劲的民族文化内动力,是消除技术转移与传统民族文化摩擦的有效措施。     

MC1R c.676A>G与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系及其对黑色素合成的影响

为探讨山羊MC1R基因c.676A>G突变与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系,及其对黑色素合成和cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因表达的影响：一方面采用直接测序法检测酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体(120个个体)MC1R基因c.676A>G的突变情况,用色差仪测量不同基因型个体的腹部皮肤色度值,分析c.676A>G突变与皮肤色素沉积的关系;另一方面,构建野生型(MC1R c.676A)和突变型(MC1R c.676G)真核表达载体,采用脂质体介导法转染到小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)中进行过表达,利用酶标仪检测各组细胞黑色素含量的差异,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组细胞中cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因(MITF、TYR、TYRP1、DCT)的表达差异性。结果显示：酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体中,c.676A>G位点均以GG基因型占优势,不同基因型群体的皮肤色度值差异不显著(P>0.05)。MC1R突变组(MC1R c.676G)细胞中的黑色素含量极显著(P<0.05)高于MC1R野生组(MC1R c.676A)。MITF、TYRP1和DCT基因在MC1R突...