优质抗寒、抗病酿造葡萄新品种‘北红’

 ‘北红’葡萄新品种由‘玫瑰香’与‘山葡萄’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区9月底成熟。果粒圆形,蓝黑色,果粒质量1.57g,果穗质量160.0 g,浆果可溶性固形物含量23.8 %～ 27.0 %,含酸量0.89～1.26 %。早果性及丰产性强。抗寒、抗病能力特强。酿成的酒深宝石红色,酒体平衡,酒质上等。     

苦豆子内生放线菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗菌筛选

采用3种消毒时间对健康苦豆子植株体内的内生放线菌进行分离。结果表明：消毒3 min消除非内生菌的影响效果较好;同一植株分离内生放线菌的数量,根部比茎、叶部多。经初步鉴定,苦豆子内生放线菌以链霉菌属和诺卡氏菌属为最多,分别占分离总数的35%和27%;其次为小多孢菌属,占12%;而类诺卡氏菌属、小单孢菌属、孢囊放线菌属和分枝杆菌属分离较少。26株纯化菌株对茄子枯萎病菌进行平板对峙培养,筛选出3株抑菌带宽度达到10 mm以上的菌株,其中菌株KDS22发酵液抑菌效果最好。     

Effects of water stress at different development stages on yield and water productivity of winter and summer safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of water stress imposed at different development stages on grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration, crop-water relationships, yield response to water and water use efficiency of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for winter and summer sowing. The field trials were conducted on a loam Entisol soil in Thrace Region in Turkey, using Dincer, the most popular safflower variety in the research area. A randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Three known growth stages of the plant were considered and a total of 8 (including rainfed) irrigation treatments were applied. The effect of irrigation or water stress at any stage of development on grain yield per hectare and 1000 kernel weight, was evaluated. Results of this study showed that safflower was significantly affected by water shortage in the soil profile due to omitted irrigation during the sensitive vegetative stage. The highest yield was observed in the fully irrigated control and was higher for winter sowing than for summer sowing. Evapotranspiration calculated for non-stressed production was 728 and 673 mm for winter and summer sowing, respectively. Safflower grain yield of the fully irrigated treatments was 4.05 and 3.74 t ha⁻¹ for winter and summer season, respectively. The seasonal yield response factor was 0.97 and 0.81 for winter and summer sowing, respectively. The highest total water use efficiency was obtained in the treatment irrigated only at vegetative stage while the lowest value was observed when the crop was irrigated only at yield stage. As conclusions: (i) winter sowing is suggested; (ii) if deficit irrigation is to apply at only one or two stages, Y stage or Y and F stages should be omitted, respectively.     

割前摘脱联合收获机惯性沉降分离室能耗研究

4ZTL-1800割前摘脱稻(麦)联合收获机采用惯性沉降分离室来实现谷物与气流的分离。目前对惯性沉降分离室内气体的流动特性、压力损失特性及其受结构参数的影响规律等研究还未见研究报道。为此,建立了惯性沉降分离室内气相守恒方程,在此基础上应用Fluent软件对分离室结构参数对其压力损失的影响规律进行了数值模拟计算,得到了结构参数对压力损失的影响规律。经实验验证表明,模拟值与试验值基本吻合,研究结果为进一步优化惯性沉降分离室的结构、减小体积和降低压力损失提供了理论依据。     

潜水泵扩张式喷嘴排液装置的优化设计与试验

针对泄漏液体严重危及潜水泵安全的问题,在原非扩张式喷嘴排液装置的基础上,优化设计了一种具有扩张式喷嘴的在线排液装置.为了比较分别具有扩张式和非扩张式喷嘴的排液装置性能的优劣,设计了这两种形式的喷嘴,并设计了4种不同尺寸喉嘴距及6种不同尺寸混合管直径的排液装置;对各种不同的排液装置在同一试验台上分别进行了试验.试验结果表明,当排液装置的扬程为6 m时,具有扩张式喷嘴的排液装置具有更好的排液性能,其最佳工作压力为0.3 MPa,最佳喉嘴距为1.67倍喷嘴喉部直径之长度,最佳混合管直径为2倍喷嘴喉部直径.与非扩张式喷嘴排液装置相比较,具有最佳尺寸的扩张式喷嘴排液装置可以更好地解决潜水泵液体泄漏问题.     

农机安全监管探索

新形势下加强农机安全生产工作,各级党委、政府、农机部门应从落实“三个代表”重要思想和讲政治、保稳定、促发展出发,增强责任感和紧迫感,把党中央和国务院关于加强安全生产方针政策落到实处,以强化安全责任、安全教育、专项整治、依法制机为重点,提高认识,转变管理方式,完善自身建设,健全安全监理网络,扎实有效地加强农机安全生产工作,推动农机化向前发展。     

电喷发动机不能起动的故障树诊断分析

结合电喷发动机的结构性能特点,对电喷发动机不能起动的故障原因进行了分析,绘制了电喷发动机不能起动的故障树, 提出了电喷发动机不能起动的诊断流程实例.采用故障树诊断分析的方法,可以快速查明电喷发动机不能起动的故障原因.     

萝卜新品种热杂60的选育

萝卜新品种热杂６０以萝卜雄性不育系１２２５Ａ为母本,６０早９０－８－８－３－１３自交系为父本配制而成,肉质根近圆形,皮肉白色,生食脆嫩,煮食化渣味甜,具有耐热、早熟、抗病毒病、不易糠心等特点,一般６６７ｍ＾２产２５００ｋｇ左右,最高可达６０００ｋｇ以上。     

高效节能型日光温室黄瓜养分的吸收规律

高效节能型日光温室黄瓜干物质和氮、磷、钾的积累都呈“S”形曲线 ;氮、磷、钾吸收最大期为盛瓜初期至盛瓜后期 ,占总吸收量的 80 %以上 ;每形成 10 0kg黄瓜需吸收N量0 .2 0 0 2kg ,P2 O50 .0 92 1kg ,K2 O 0 .2 32 2kg ,其比例为 1∶0 .4 6∶1.16 ;每 6 6 7m2 产 130 0 0kg黄瓜 ,在盛瓜期氮、磷、钾吸收速率分别为N 190～ 2 70、P2 O577～ 135、K2 O 199～ 347g·(d·6 6 7m2 ) - 1。     

节能日光温室番茄长季节高产栽培研究初报

对日光温室番茄长季节栽培进行了品种筛选及施肥指标和环境调控的研究 ,筛选出适宜日光温室番茄长季节栽培的品种 4个 ,提出 6 6 7m2 产量 2 0 0 0 0kg番茄的复合肥和钾肥施肥指标及采用遮阳网、反光幕、防虫网、诱虫色板、膜下滴灌等环境调控技术和措施。