昆虫黑化反应的分子机制研究进展

目的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)属于节肢动物门甲壳纲十足目,也称淡水小龙虾。多巴脱羧酶(dopa decarboxylase)作为小龙虾先天免疫应答中的一种关键酶,在抵御外来病原体的侵害上起到了重要作用。本研究以克氏原螯虾为材料,克隆了Pc-ddc cDNA序列并对其进行生物信息学及组织mRNA表达分析。方法通过分子生物学技术构建大肠杆菌表达载体,并进行生物信息学分析,同时应用qRT-PCR技术分析其mRNA组织表达分布。结果生物信息学分析表明：获得了开放阅读框全长为1 425 bp的Pc-ddc基因的cDNA序列,编码474个氨基酸残基,多肽的理论分子量为52.99 ku,蛋白分子式为C₂₃₈₄H₃₆₈₉N₆₄₇O₆₇₄S₂₅,等电点为5.98,为弱酸性蛋白且N-末端无信号肽。亚细胞定位表明：Pc-DDC蛋白在线粒体中最多;组织表达分析表明：Pc-ddc mRNA在检测的6个组织中差异表达,其中,淋巴组织表达量最高。结论本研究为克氏原螯虾等无脊椎动物先天免疫系统的深入探索提供了理论支撑。     

云南某农村猪戊型肝炎病毒分子流行病学调查

目的了解昆明市某猪场戊型肝炎病毒感染情况,进一步探究病毒基因型及分子进化情况,为戊型肝炎防控提供参考。方法从该猪场随机采集39份新鲜粪便,用逆转录巢式聚合酶链反应对HEV ORF2部分基因片段扩增、克隆及测序;应用生物信息学软件进行同源性分析并构建系统进化树。结果PCR检测结果发现：该猪场核酸阳性率达35.9% (14/39)。同源性分析结果表明：14株流行毒株核苷酸序列与GenBank中HEV I~IV 型参考株的同源性分别为77.4%~83.9%、81.0%~83.2%、78.8%~86.9%和90.5%~98.5%,全部流行株均属基因IV型。进化分析结果表明：YN-KM-9与该猪场其他流行毒株同源性较远,应属不同基因亚型。结论该猪群HEV IV感染率较高,对公共卫生安全构成潜在威胁。     

美洲黑杨种质资源生长和物候性状分析

以引进的美洲黑杨为材料建立基因库,通过比较分析该基因库7年生美洲黑杨的物候、生长、性别等特征,为资源评价和开发利用提供技术支持。结果表明：不同无性系间物候和生长特征变异丰富,生长和物候性状相关分析结果表明叶片变色落叶晚,有利于树高和胸径的快速增长。其中雄株中的优良比例和选育潜力更具有优势,在后期的良种培育中要适当重视雄株的选择。结合材积、胸径、物候生长季等性状从443份种质中筛选出优良无性系41个,对选出的系号统计发现,有25个无性系的母本来自于密西西比河流域,占比约60.98%,尤其是材积最大的5个无性系,其母本均来自于密西西比河下游天然林优株。总体来看,该基因库遗传多样性丰富,无性系间生长、物候等特征差异大,322、331-9、329-26、1-31等无性系表现优良,具备良好的选育潜力。     

环模制粒挤压过程力学建模及影响因素分析

该文旨在通过研究环模制粒机挤压过程受力状况为其节能降耗及优化设计提供一定的参考。根据环模制粒机制粒成形过程与机理的分析和对环模系统受力状况的研究,建立了环模扭矩力学模型,推导出最大物料挤压高度及最大环模扭矩的计算公式;以力学模型为基础,分析了泊松比、摩擦系数等物料特性及环模、压辊系统的结构参数对环模扭矩的影响规律。研究结果表明,物料特性对制粒能耗影响很大;在一定范围内减小模孔长径比、减小压辊直径有利于降低能耗;而采用大尺寸的环模与压辊不仅可以提高产量,同时还可以降低能耗。该研究对于降低环模制粒机的能耗具有重要意义,并可为相关的试验提供理论依据。     

SSR标记用于贵州省喀斯特山区玉米自交系的遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记对19个喀斯特山区常用玉米自交系进行遗传多样性分析,在此基础上又进行了杂种优势类划分。从90对引物中共筛选出46个能够稳定扩增的多态性引物,这46对引物共扩增出190条具有遗传多态性的条带,平均每个位点监测到的等位基因数为4.13个,变化范围为2～8个。每个位点的多态性信息量（PIC）变化于0.291～0.861之间,平均为0.623。供试材料的遗传距离变化范围为0.093～0.521,平均为0.342。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,可将19个喀斯特山区常用玉米自交系划分为3个类群,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致。研究表明SSR标记可以进行玉米自交系遗传多样性分析。喀斯特山区地方玉米种质与温带玉米种质的遗传基础存在异质性,是温带玉米育种不可多得的异源种质。     

应用近红外透射光谱和人工神经网络的豆油脂良莠鉴别

提出了一种利用近红外透射光谱结合BP神经网络识别未知豆油脂良莠类别的方法。在10 000～3 500 cm-1范围内分别采集合格油、不合格油(精炼垃圾油、煎炸油和变质合格油)的透射光谱,对光谱数据依次作出Savitzky-Golay平滑、基线校正预处理,采用SPSS 11.0抽取出9个主成分(累计贡献率达到99.89%)作为神经网络输入神经元,建立3层BP神经网络模型,模型能够有效辨识未知豆油脂的良莠以及不合格具体种类,类别预测正确率为100%。     

Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes

Fifteen, one year old swamp buffalo males with average liveweight of 200.5 ± 9.5 kg were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design to receive three dietary treatments of supplemental vegetable oils in concentrate contained 140, 750, and 16 g of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and ether extract, respectively (T1 = unsupplemented, T2 = supplemental coconut oil and sunflower oil in ratio 50:50 at 6% of concentrate, and T3 = supplemental sunflower oil at 6% of concentrate) during a 5-month feeding trial. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum and concentrate was supplemented at 150 g/kg BW. The results revealed that supplementation of vegetable oils decreased dry matter intake in sunflower oil supplemented group. Combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil supplementation resulted in similar average daily gain as those found in control and in sunflower oil supplemented groups. Rumen microorganism population, ammonia–nitrogen, blood urea–nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were decreased as vegetable oils were supplemented. Oil supplementation slightly reduced growth rate, hot carcass percentage, loin eye area particularly on sunflower oil supplemented group. Based on these findings, vegetable oil resulted in decreased performance of swamp buffaloes although the combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil could reduce negative effect of unsaturated oil supplementation. However, further analyses of conjugated fatty acids (CLA) in meat could offer useful information in determining pronounced effects of vegetable oil supplementation.     

固定效应对槟榔江水牛体重影响的研究

[目的]槟榔江水牛为我国目前为止发现的唯一本土河流型水牛,具有产奶性能高、肉用性能好的特点,为了进一步阐明槟榔江水牛的生长发育规律,本文收集云南腾冲县巴福乐槟榔江水牛2004~2011年生长发育数据资料,研究性别、月份和年度等固定效应对体重的影响。[方法]应用SAS分析性别、月份、年度等非遗传因素对槟榔江水牛体重的影响,并且用MTDFREML软件分析了固定效应值。[结果]本研究结果表明,槟榔江水牛性别对初生重具有显著影响,公犊平均初生重(35.04kg)显著高于母犊(32.63kg);月份对母牛初生重没有显著影响,公牛的效应值比母牛的较大。[结论]月份对槟榔江水牛的体重有显著的影响,可能与饲料的季节性供给有关。     

Application of PCR-HRM in the study of relationship between leptin gene promoter polymorphisms and liver cirrhosis

AIM: To analyze the feasibility of PCR-high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM) for detecting the site mutations of C2549 and G2548 in leptin gene promoter from the patients with liver cirrhosis, and to explore the relevance between mutant genotypes and physiological and biochemical indexes in liver cirrhosis patients. METHODS: Compared with the method of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), the present research used the method of PCR-HRM to analyze the site mutations of C2549 and G2548 in leptin gene promoter in control group (n=100) and liver cirrhosis group (n=100). The physiological and biochemical indexes of the patients were also detected and compared. RESULTS: Leptin gene promoter polymorphism was detected using PCR-HRM with effectiveness, high flux and accuracy. Preliminary results showed that the main mutation of the patients with liver cirrhosis was in C2549 site, but not found in G2548 site. Leptin, free leptin index (FLI), fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance index estimated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) in liver cirrhosis group were higher than those in control group. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) in liver cirrhosis group were lower than those in control group with significant difference except leptin level. Meanwhile, FLI showed positively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR (r=0.45, r=0.53, P<0.05), and negatively with ISI (r=-0.34, P<0.05). In the patients with liver cirrhosis, C2549A heterozygous mutation was predominant. The indexes of HOMI-IR, leptin, sOB-R and FLI of C2549A homozygotes and heterozygotes were higher than those of the wildtypes, which showed significant difference except leptin and sOB-R levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PCR-HRM can be more accurate for identifying leptin promoter polymorphism. The increase in the frequency of C2549A mutation may be closely related with liver cirrhosis. Existence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may be correlated with leptin level in the patients with liver cirrhosis.     

水稻矮缩病毒基因组及毒粒三维结构的研究进展

水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf virus,RDV)为双层壳、二十面体的双链RNA病毒,是水稻的重要病原物之一.文中比较了RDV中国福建分离物与日本分离物基因组各片段核苷酸序列的相似性,发现RDV两个不同分离物基因组相应片段的相似性均在92%以上,最高可达96%;分析了相应基因组片段编码的结构蛋白P1、P2、P3、P5、P7、P8及以前一直被认为是非结构蛋白的P9和非结构蛋白Pns4、Pns6、Pns10 、Pns11和Pns12在RDV复制、组装过程中的功能;回顾了RDV粒子三维结构的研究概况,对RDV粒子内、外层衣壳的晶体学结构作了较详细的描述;简要介绍了RDV复制与组装的机制,发现核心蛋白与dsRNA间相互作用成为一个单元是病毒RNA的分拣及包装到病毒粒子核心内的可能机制.同时,指出基于PDR的植物抗病毒基因工程在水稻矮缩病毒防治上的可能性.