应用电镜技术对狂犬病毒ERA株污染鼠痘病毒的检出

狂犬病毒ERA株BHK21细胞上增殖并用电镜技术跟踪观察。结果发现除了有少量的目的毒外，还混有大量的痘病毒，经鼠痘酶标抗体检测试剂盒检测为鼠痘病毒。该病毒很可能是来自做复壮狂犬病毒ERA株毒力试验的小白鼠。     

草业科学专业本科生“科研助理”培养模式探索——以甘肃农业大学为例

人才培养是高校的根本使命,新时期不断创新办学理念,探索新型培养模式,对全面实施素质教育,提高教育质量至关重要。根据甘肃农业大学本科生"科研助理"培养模式,结合草业科学专业的特点,分析了"科研助理"培养模式及其宗旨,介绍了几种"科研助理"培养模式的常用方法,阐述了各种方法的优缺点和应用情况,还就其运行机制和实施情况等进行了说明,最后探讨了存在的一些问题及其保障措施。旨在加强本科生"科研助理"培养模式的培养效果,为高校草业科学专业与其他专业人才培养提供参考。     

Physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water-washed meat in the presence of the more soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein

We investigated the physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water‐washed pork meat (WWM) in the presence of the soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) obtained with ammonium sulfate at 75 percent saturation. Two precipitated fractions of SP were obtained at 0–50 percent and 50–75 percent saturation, named SP‐f1 and SP‐f2, respectively, and the soluble fraction obtained at 75 percent saturation, SP‐f3, was used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that SP‐f3 contained mainly glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), while SP‐f1 and SP‐f2 had other SPs such as phosphorylase b, enolase, actin and phosphoglycerate mutase. The gel strength of WWM was greater when SP‐f3 rather than one of various animal proteins such as bovine plasma (BP), egg white, or whey protein isolates (WPI), was added and SP‐f3 had a gel‐enhancing effect as good as that of polyphosphate (PP). The gel strength of WWM with added SP‐f3 increased significantly with NaCl at 0.15 mol/L or more, but not in the absence of NaCl (0 mol/L). The effect of SP‐f3 was evident at neutral pH and maximum gel strength was obtained at a pH above 6.0. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis showed that an endothermic peak corresponding to myosin heads in WWM shifted to a lower temperature with the addition of SP‐f3, as in the case of PP, though there was no such shift in the presence of other animal proteins (BP, egg white and WPI), suggesting that SP‐f3 increases the gel strength of WWM through the dissociation of actomyosin similar to PP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed wall‐like structures among the protein strands in the WWM gel matrix in the presence of SP‐f3. The results of DSC and SEM indicated that the formation of a gel network in meat products is reinforced with GAPDH in SP after the interaction between GAPDH and myofibrillar protein.     

黄艾美球虫侵犯宿主组织的超微研究

利用透射电镜和扫描电镜相结合的技术对黄艾美球虫（E.flavescens）人工感染后的子孢子移动过程及被虫体寄生的宿主细胞形态学变化和粘膜形态学变化进行了观察。子孢子在进入小肠腺上皮过程中需白细胞介导，在白细胞内可发育成球形的滋养体，观察到有两个子孢子侵入同一白细胞的现象，但分别存在于各自的带虫空泡中，黄艾美球虫引起的肠粘膜损伤主要发生于感染177小时之后，其损伤主要表现在绒毛大片脱落，结缔组织裸露，表面可见到大量破损的孔洞及大量肠杆菌，被虫体寄生的腺上皮细胞基部膨胀，微绒毛脱落，细胞核膨大并部分包被虫体，有些细胞核裂解为二。     

香豆素对苏丹草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

香豆素为黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)水浸提液的主效化感物质,能抑制多种杂草种子的萌发和幼苗生长。为探明香豆素的化感抑草作用机理,本研究采用室内培养、生物检测的方法,研究了简单香豆素水溶液对苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)种子萌发及其幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响,并采用透射电镜观察了苏丹草幼苗根和茎的超微组织结构。结果表明,20~100μg·mL~(-1)香豆素水溶液能够显著抑制早期苏丹草种子的萌发(P0.05),且随浓度升高抑制作用增强,能够显著抑制苏丹草根伸长,随处理时间的延长和浓度的升高其抑制作用也增强,根变粗扭曲,而对茎长的影响存在浓度效应和时间效应,在4d时,20~100μg·mL~(-1)浓度的香豆素水溶液均促进茎长,6和8d则表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制;与加蒸馏水的对照组相比,100μg·mL~(-1)香豆素溶液处理显著(P0.05)提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并降低了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,对过氧化物酶(POD)抑制作用表现为先降低后升高;香豆素处理显著(P0.05)提高了可溶性糖的含量,同时显著(P0.05)降低了叶绿素的含量;在香豆素处理下,淀粉含量先降低后升高,吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)活性仅在第4天时低于对照组。香豆素水溶液破坏了苏丹草根细胞的超微结构,出现液泡体积变大,细胞器数量和种类减少的现象,细胞核的核膜发生明显的歪曲,细胞核变小甚至消失;香豆素水溶液处理下的苏丹草幼苗叶绿体内淀粉粒数目显著(P0.05)增加,体积变大。以上结果显示,100μg·mL~(-1)的香豆素水溶液可以通过改变苏丹草抗氧化酶系统、增加渗透调节物质、降低叶绿素含量、影响酶活性以及破坏细胞超微结构等途径调节苏丹草的生长。     

Therapeutic antibodies: their mechanisms of action and the pathological findings they induce in toxicity studies

Antibodies can swiftly provide therapeutics to target disease-related molecules discovered in genomic research. Antibody engineering techniques have been actively developed and these technological innovations have intensified the development of therapeutic antibodies. From the mid-1990’s, a series of therapeutic antibodies were launched that are now being used in clinic. The disease areas that therapeutic antibodies can target have subsequently expanded, and antibodies are currently utilized as pharmaceuticals for cancer, inflammatory disease, organ transplantation, cardiovascular disease, infection, respiratory disease, ophthalmologic disease, and so on. This paper briefly describes the modes of action of therapeutic antibodies. Several non-clinical study results of the pathological changes induced by therapeutic antibodies are also presented to aid the future assessment of the toxic potential of an antibody developed as a therapeutic.     

《兽医临床诊断学》教学改革效果分析

对近3年<兽医临床诊断学>教学改革的效果进行了分析,具体包括教学方法改革效果、实践教学改革效果、考核方式改革效果以及其他方面的改革效果,旨在为兽医临床诊断学及其他课程教学提供有益参考.     

应用电镜技术快速检测传代细胞中的污染因子：—传代细胞污染细菌的快速检测

应用电镜技术检测传代细胞中的细菌污染，即快速又准确。根据细菌的形态及其鞭毛、噬菌体等指标的其中一项均可以判定细菌的污染，该检测结果为传代细胞的应用提供了可靠地保证。     

Vascular ultrasonographic findings in canine patients with clinically diagnosed phlebitis

Peripheral vein phlebitis (inflammation) is a relatively frequent complication in dogs, however, published information on the ultrasonographic characteristics is currently lacking. This prospective, observational study describes the ultrasound (US) characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins, and veins with clinical phlebitis. Correlations among US findings and between US findings versus time that the intravenous catheter was in place were investigated. Safety of the US procedure was evaluated. Fifty patients were prospectively recruited for the study and 18 met the final inclusion criteria. Each patient underwent daily US examinations and was assessed for multiple criteria (vascular wall appearance, compressibility, spontaneity of flow, color fill, and presence/absence of filling defects, flow contour, direction, non‐pulsatility). Characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins were as follows: smooth and thin wall, complete compressibility, no flow disturbances, no filling defects, smooth flow contours, and unidirectional, non‐pulsatile flow with no turbulence. Characteristics of cephalic veins with clinical phlebitis were as follows: wall thickening (83%), decreased compressibility (55%), filling defects consistent with intraluminal thrombus (55%), vessel wall hyperechogenicity (44%), and abnormal color Doppler flow (39%). Significant correlations were found between Doppler filling defects and compressibility, Doppler filling defects and presumed thrombosis, and compressibility and presumed thrombosis (P = .001, P = .001, P = .000, respectively). No correlation was found between the US findings and time the intravenous catheter was in place. Findings indicated that duplex and compressibility US are feasible and safe methods for characterizing and monitoring cephalic veins in dogs with clinical phlebitis.     

Induction of cell proliferation in the rat liver by the short-term administration of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether

In the present study, in continuation of our previous experiment in order to investigate the mode of action (MOA) of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) hepatotumorigenicity in rats, we aimed to examine alterations in cell proliferation, that are induced by short-term administration of ETBE. F344 rats were administered ETBE at doses of 0, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight twice a day by gavage for 3, 10, 17 and 28 days. It was found that the previously observed significant increase of P450 total content and hydroxyl radical levels after 7 days of ETBE administration, and 8-OHdG formation at day 14, accompanied by accumulation of CYP2B1/2B2, CYP3A1/3A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 and downregulation of DNA oxoguanine glycosylase 1, was preceded by induction of cell proliferation at day 3. Furthermore, we observed an increase in regenerative cell proliferation as a result of ETBE treatment at day 28, followed by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by day 14. These results indicated that short-term administration of ETBE led to a significant early increase in cell proliferation activity associated with induction of oxidative stress, and to a regenerative cell proliferation as an adaptive response, which could contribute to the hepatotumorigenicity of ETBE in rats.