涝害对甜叶菊光合及单株干叶产量的影响

利用温室盆栽法研究不同持续时间涝害对甜叶菊种质材料IS-1、QF-1、青甜杂4、JD-1、AL-4光合作用及干叶产量的影响。结果表明：随着涝害时间的持续,5份甜叶菊种质材料的叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）及单株干叶产量均表现出不同程度的变化。短时间涝害处理（Ta：5d）对SPAD值、Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr及单株干叶产量影响均不显著;但随着渍水时间的持续叶片SPAD值、Pn表现出下降趋势：在Tb（涝害处理10d）中IS-1、QF-1、青甜杂4、JD-1、AL-4的SPAD值较正常水分处理分别下降21.29%、34.57%、27.84%、23.01%、17.59%,QF-1下降最快,AL-4下降最慢;Pn较正常水分处理分别下降65.88%、78.51%、74.44%、71.68%、59.58%,QF-1下降最快,AL-4下降最慢;Gs与Tr变化趋势与Pn相似,而Ci与Pn变化趋势相反;随着涝害持续时间的持续,甜叶菊单株干叶产量出现下降趋势,不同材料相同时间涝害胁迫单株干叶产量下降幅度不同,表明不同材料对涝害的耐受力不同。     

河南省花生收获机械应用现状与发展分析

介绍了国内外花生收获机械应用的现状及主要机型,重点分析了河南省花生收获机械研制和推广方面取得的成效及存在问题,讨论了我国花生收获机械发展缓慢的原因并提出了具体措施,同时展望了未来花生收获机械的发展前景。     

甘南地区歪头菜生殖分配对生殖产量的影响

采用现存生殖分配(Standing Reproduction Allocation)的方法研究甘南地区歪头菜(Vicia unijuga)生物量生殖分配。结果表明,不同生长年限植株在整个生长季中,各构件生物量占总生物量的比例随着季节变化表现为营养分配比重不断减少,生殖分配比重不断增加,但营养生物量分配比例占绝对优势,而在蕾期和花期用于有性生殖的生物量(蕾、花生物量)分配比例仅在10%左右;多年生歪头菜种群幼龄时期植株生殖生物量分配仍然随着生长年限的增加而增加,但生殖产量的生物量分配却表现出2年龄5年龄4年龄;2年龄植株蕾－花生物量转换比例和花－荚生物量转换比例分别为1∶1.17和1∶1.36,5年龄植株的分别为1∶0.94和1∶1.31,说明2年龄植株比5年龄植株有较高的生殖利用率,而5年龄植株落花、落荚现象明显。以上结果揭示出,植株对有性繁殖的小比例投资以及生殖转换中产生的生殖损失可能是导致该地区歪头菜种群有性繁殖体种子产量低的重要原因,而影响这一原因的因素可能是生长季过程中的环境干扰和养分竞争等问题。     

德系安哥拉兔的生长特性

德系安哥拉兔不仅以产毛量高、毛质好而著称,而且有生长迅速、体成熟早、体型大的特点。六月龄时已达成年体重的87.37％。母兔的初配可在此时进行,公兔可延迟一个月配种。四月龄与六月龄体重和成年体重的相关系数分别为0.505与0.508,这为德系安哥拉兔体重的早期选择提供了有利时机。     

The origin,evolution, cultivation,dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices

Summary Available evidences drawn from biosystematics, evolutionary biology, biogeography, archaeology, history, anthropology, paleo-geology and paleo-meteorology are pooled to reconstruct the series of events that led to the cosmopolitan cultivation of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa) and the regionalized planting of the African cultigen (O. glaberrima) in West Africa. The genus Oryza originated in the Gondwanaland continents and, following the fracture of the supercontinent, became widely distributed in the humid tropics of Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The two cultivated species have had a common progenitor in the distant past. Parallel and independent evolutionary processes occurred in Africa and in Asia, following the sequence of: wild perennialwild annualcultivated annual. The weed races also contributed to the differentiation of the cultivated annuals. The corresponding members of the above series are O. longistaminata Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii A. Chev., O. glaberrima Steud., and the stapfii forms of O. glaberrima in Africa; O. rufipogon Griff., O. nivara Sharma et Shastry, O. sativa L., and the spontanea forms of O. sativa in Asia.The differentiation and diversification of the annuals in South Asia were accelerated by marked climatic changes following the last glacial age, dispersal of plants over latitude or altitude, human selection, and manipulation of the cultural environment.Cultivation of rice began in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, probably first in Ancient India. Cultural techniques such as puddling and transplanting were first developed in north and central China and later transmitted to Southeast Asia. Wetland culture preceded dryland culture in China, but in hilly areas of Southeast Asia, dryland cultivation is older than lowland culture. The planting method progressed from shifting cultivation to direct sowing in permanent fields, then to transplanting in bunded fields.Widespread dispersal of the Asian cultigen led to the formation of three eco-geographic races (Indica. Sinica or Japonica, and Javanica) and distinct cultural types in monsoon Asia (upland, lowland, and deep water). Varietal types changed readily within the span of a millenium, largely due to cultivators' preferences, socio-religious traditions, and population pressure. Genetic differentiation developed parallel to the ecologic diversification process.The African cultigen developed later than the Asian cultigen and has undergone less diversification. The wild races in South America and Oceania retain their primitive features mainly due to lack of cultivation pressure or dispersal.Both the African and Asian rices are still undergoing evolutionary changes at habitats where the wild, weed, and cultivated races co-exist.     

Evaluation of the germ plasm collection of safflower,Carthamus tinctorius L. VII. Variability of capitulum width and outer involucral bracts' dimensions

Summary A germ plasm collection of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., with about 900 lines from over twenty countries was evaluated in Utah, USA for head width and outer involucral bracts (OIB) dimensions, traits affected by both human and natural selection. The regional germ plasm pools contained considerable variability for these traits. Plants bearing short or long as well as narrow or wide OIB were well adapted. Geographical clines were detected for the means of OIB dimensions, indicating possible gene flow. The correlations of the OIB dimensions with yield, yield components, oil content and growing period were not instructive and at times very inconsistent. Primary head diameter varied considerably within the regional gene pools. Its correlations with yield/plant, number of heads/plant, seed weight and oil content were inconsistent. Capitulum width was positively and significantly correlated with the number of seeds per head. Head diameter, however, can vary considerably without affecting seed yield per unit area.     

Inheritance of scent in rice

Summary Inheritance of scent in rice and its association with pigmented characters were studied in T-141 × K-44-1. Four complementary genes appeared to control scent, one of them showing linkage with a complementary gene for glume colour and a supplementary gene for red pigment in apiculus. This group formed part of V (Prp)linkage group of Misro et al. (1966) in which case Pg and P were additions.Pl.480 Project on linkage maps in rice.     

一种新型集蔗器的结构设计及其有限元分析

集蔗器是甘蔗收割机中用来收集甘蔗的装置。通过总结前人所设计的集蔗器的优缺点,提出了一种新型集蔗机构—挡板式斜集集蔗器,并进行了结构设计、参数计算和三维建模;最后,为了验证所设计的集蔗器转轴的尺寸的合理性,通过有限元分析了软件ANSYS分析它在受外力情况下的变形情况和整体的应力分布情况。     

基于烟叶致香成分建立烤烟香型分类模型方法研究

为筛选出基于烟叶致香成分数据建立烤烟香型分类的最优模型,以便于较好地对烤烟的香型进行正确分类。首先对142 个烤烟烟叶样品中的45 个指标采用行业标准进行检测,然后采用逐步回归法筛选出14 个烟叶致香成分,依据这14 个指标采用判别分析法、Logistic 回归、高斯混合模型、分类树、K最邻近法、人工神经网络和支持向量机7种方法进行建模。通过对不同方法建立的模型采用100次随机抽取训练集样本和测试样本计算错误分类率,选择错误分类率较低的模型作为优选模型。结果表明,线性判别法和高斯混和模型建立的2 种香型函数能较好地对未知样品的香型进行正确分类,且效果较好（正确率可达90%以上）。研究筛选出的2种优选模型对于烤烟香型分类研究具有一定的应用价值。