白色金针菇工厂化生产技术与装备体系研究

白色金针菇工厂化生产使用规范化的硬件设施,采用标准化的生产流程和层层把关的有效管理,生产受农业环境影响小,确保了产品的产量和品质。白色金针菇工厂化生产流程为:菌种选育与培养基(料)优化(包括基料选配、搅拌、装袋合灭菌等)→规范化生产(包括接种、培养、搔菌、出菇蕾、驯养、生长及采收等环节)与病虫害综合防治技术→商品菇分级包装。     

Chemical changes of kenaf core binderless boards during hot pressing (I): influence of the pressing temperature condition

Self-bonding is the main factor of the performance expression of binderless boards, and therefore its clarification is considered to be an important issue. For this purpose, a series of chemical analyses were conducted on kenaf core binderless boards and their chemical changes during the hot-pressing process are discussed in this article. First of all, binderless boards were prepared from kenaf core powder at different pressing temperatures (without steam-explosion process) and were used for chemical analyses after they were reduced into powders and extracted with methanol. To investigate their chemical changes, lignin, holocellulose, and neutral sugar contents were determined, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded, and the nitrobenzene oxidation procedure was applied. As a result, it was found that parts of lignin and hemicelullose were decomposed during the hot-pressing process; however, the contribution of the resulting fractions to selfbonding was not observed. In addition, progress of condensation reactions in lignin and the formation of chemical bonds by low molecular weight conjugated carbonyl compounds in methanol extractives were observed. Thermal softening of lignin is also suggested to play an important role in the expression of board performance.     

Greenhouse gas emissions in response to straw incorporation,water management and their interaction in a paddy field in subtropical central China

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combination of straw incorporation and water management on fluxes of CH₄, N₂O and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a paddy field in subtropical central China by using a static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method. Four treatments were set up: two rice straw incorporation rates at 0 (S1) and 6 (S2) t ha^?1 combined with two water managements of intermittent irrigation (W1, with mid-season drainage) and continuous flooding (W2, without mid-season drainage). The cumulative seasonal CH₄ emissions for the treatments of S1W2, S2W1 and S2W2 increased significantly by 1.84, 5.47 and 6.63 times, respectively, while seasonal N₂O emissions decreased by 0.67, 0.29 and 1.21 times, respectively, as compared to S1W1 treatment. The significant increase in the cumulative Rh for the treatments S1W1, S2W1 and S2W2 were 0.54, 1.35 and 0.52 times, respectively, in comparison with S1W2. On a seasonal basis, both the CO₂-equivalents (CO₂e) and yield-scaled CO₂e (GHGI) of CH₄ and N₂O emissions increased with straw incorporation and continuous flooding, following the order: S2W2>S2W1>S1W2>S1W1. Thus, the practices of in season straw incorporation should be discouraged, while mid-season drainage is recommended in paddy rice production from a point view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.     

永久性贮水池在水灭火法扑救森林火灾中的运用

本文简要阐述了水灭火法灭火原理与系统组成,提出通过建立永久性贮水池促进水灭火法将成为我国林火扑救重要手段的发展设想。     

新时期高校财政学课程教学改革思路探讨

本文通过分析高校财政学课程教学与实践中存在的主要问题,分别从该课程的外界交流、教学专业特色、组织方式、教学内容与考核方式等方面进行了改革思路的探讨,旨在为提高高校财政学课程教学质量和深入推动素质教育提供参考。     

调亏灌溉和氮处理对小桐子生长及水分利用的影响

为了研究阶段水分亏缺(亏水+不亏水W_LW_H、不亏水+亏水W_HW_L、亏水+亏水W_LW_L、不亏水+不亏水W_HW_H)和不同施氮量(N_Z:0,N_L:0.2 g/kg,N_H:0.4 g/kg)对小桐子生长、生理指标和灌溉水利用效率的影响,通过盆栽试验,发现W_LW_H的生长和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于W_HW_L;作物的灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在N_L水平下达到最大值;与高水高氮的处理N_HW_HW_H相比,中水低氮处理N_LW_LW_H节约灌溉水27%,节约氮肥使用量50%,小桐子株高减少31%、总干物质量减少35%,灌溉水利用效率减少13%,但茎粗增加13%,根冠比增加20%.可见小桐子在第一阶段处理(40~90 d)幼树期对水分的需求量较小,适度的亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水利用效率;小桐子在第二阶段处理(90~140 d)处于旺长期,对水分的需求量较大,增大灌水量可大幅度促进小桐子生长及其干物质量的积累.全生育期实施亏缺灌溉,可提高小桐子自身适应外界环境能力,抗干旱胁迫能力也逐渐增强,但W_LW_L水平下的小桐子生长缓慢.经综合分析,认为处理N_LW_LW_H可作为干旱地区条件下的小桐子灌溉和施氮制度.     

和名著对话与大师同行——“南图阅读节”之启迪

南图阅读节是国内首个以省馆名义举办的阅读节。在活动主体,活动主题,活动内容等方面都有许多创新。文章从6个方面总结了南图阅读节的经验。     

河北省城郊农业发展方向与模式研究

通过对城郊农业特点的分析,提出城郊农业应向二、三产业延伸,实行多功能开发,走观光采摘农业的路子。在实际工作中,通过坚持3个结合、做好5项工作,实现4个功能。     

灵芝组方保肝的研究

按照国家保健食品审批标准，对灵芝组方后提取有效部份，进行保肝实验，研究结果表明．以0.67、2．00、6．00g／kgBw剂量的灵芝益甘粉灌胃给予小鼠30d，并以四氯化碳造成急性肝损伤模型．灵芝益甘粉067、6．00g／kgBW剂量组的AST，6．00g／kgBW剂量组肝细胞坏死病变程度均低于模型对照组．差异有显著性（P〈0．05）．灵芝益甘粉对化学性损伤有保护功能．     

基于工程施工多领域竞争形势下的分包体系构建

随着建设规模的不断扩大,建筑施工企业在项目承接上呈现出多领域竞争的局面。项目中标份额不断增加,势必会引起施工力量需求的继续扩大,如何充分利用外部资源,解决企业自身劳动力短缺的问题,必定成为现在乃至今后建筑施工企业必须研究和解决的管理重要课题。笔者结合自身从事过的项目管理实际做法及经验,总结了水电工程项目分包体系和分包队伍核算体系,并综述了分包体系构建的背景、基本思路、具体做法以及实施效果等。