15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂防治稻曲病和稻瘟病试验与研究

近几年来,稻曲病和稻瘟病有流行加剧趋势,长期使用稻瘟灵、三环唑等常规药剂防治药效有所下降。江苏金凤凰农化有限公司研制的15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂(瘟曲必克)经试验能有效地控制穗期稻曲病和稻瘟病的危害。     

Results from the treatment of advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats, using a combination of intralesional carboplatin and superficial radiotherapy: a pilot study

Six cats with an advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum were treated with a combination of superficial radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin therapy. This multimodality protocol was well tolerated by the majority of cats and resulted in complete responses in all cats (100%). Median follow‐up for all cats is 268 days, and the median time‐to‐recurrence, time‐to‐progression and overall survival have not yet been reached. Our study, although limited in number of animals and with a relatively short median follow‐up compared to other studies for this disease, suggests that a combination of radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin is a useful treatment option for an advanced stage SCC of the nasal planum in cats and warrants further application of the multimodality approach presented here.     

纤维素酶渣替代黄豆饲喂杂交奶牛试验

采用纤维素酶渣替代黄豆对西黄杂奶牛(西门塔尔×本地黄牛)作饲喂对比试验,并对其产奶量及奶品质进行观察。结果表明:试验组比对照组牛日产奶量平均提高1 88kg,其乳蛋白和乳糖含量也有不同程度的提高。     

The evolution and application of enzymes in the animal feed industry: the role of data interpretation

ABSTRACT

1. Enzymes have been used commercially for nearly 40 years and save significant costs through sparing of expensive nutrients but the mechanism by which this is achieved is still debated.

2. The research focused on non-starch polysaccharidase (NSPase) enzymes is used as an example of where greater progress could have been made if the details of the work had been described more fully and the analysis of the data generated had been broader in scope and more critical.

3. Lack of standardisation of the details presented in the materials and methods has been identified as a significant barrier to meaningful retrospective analysis and thus limits advances in the understanding of the mode of action of these enzymes.

4. The identity of the enzyme employed and its activity is often lacking, and more importantly the purity is rarely disclosed. Contaminant activities which are neither listed nor assayed could play a significant role in the responses observed.

5. The dose optimum of most enzymes is often considerably higher than that employed in most studies. Thus studies claiming synergy between two ‘activities’ should ensure that the response is not related to each enzyme simply augmenting the dose of just one activity in the finished feed. This is a common problem, and coupled with the lack of factorial experiments to justify the presence of each enzyme in a multi-enzyme product, it is not surprising that there is still debate as to whether single or multi-enzymes are best suited poultry rations.

6. The three proposed mechanisms for NSPases (viscosity, cell wall and prebiotic) are discussed, and along with their strengths and weaknesses it is suggested that a re-evaluation of each is needed. Viscosity may have to be re-evaluated as being a function not only of the cereal being fed, but of the age of the animal as well. The cell wall theory as described is poorly modelled in vitro and hence the validity of these data is questioned. The prebiotic theory may need significant modification as it appears that the quantities of oligomers produced are insufficient to generate the additional volatile fatty acids (VFA)’s reported. It is likely that all three mechanisms play a role in the responses observed, but the prebiotic mechanism probably plays by far the most important part in low viscosity diets.

7. Future research would be improved if it considered all potential mechanisms when designing a trial. Significant failings are apparent as a result of adherence to tenets in explanation of the results. Most importantly, it should be emphasised that a hypothesis is there to be tested, not defended.     

西北太平洋公海柔鱼和日本爪乌贼个体发育期营养生态位变化分析

为了更好的了解柔鱼和日本爪乌贼个体发育期营养生态位变化,根据2021-2022年“淞航”号渔业资源调查船所采集36尾柔鱼和30尾日本爪乌贼样本,对其眼睛晶体进行了碳氮稳定同位素分析。结果表明：柔鱼个体δ13C、δ15N值变化幅度分别为0.10‰-1.68‰、0.79‰-7.51‰;日本爪乌贼个体δ13C、δ15N值变化幅度分别为0.15‰-1.20‰、0.81‰-7.05‰。柔鱼、日本爪乌贼生态位面积变化范围分别为0.40‰2-5.85‰2、0.27‰2-5.36‰2。GAM模型分析显示：柔鱼眼睛晶体δ13C、δ15N与晶体直径均具有显著的相关性（P<0.01）,偏差解释率分别为31.9%和34.3%。日本爪乌贼眼睛晶体δ13C、δ15N与晶体直径均具有显著的相关性（P<0.01）,偏差解释率分别为12.9%和19.4%。分析认为,个体营养生态位的变化幅度较大,侧面反映了西北太平洋黑潮-亲潮过渡区同位素基线值变化幅度较大;该海域的柔鱼、日本爪乌贼个体摄食水平存在很大差异;个体发育和基线值是影响组织δ13C、δ15N值的因素。     

湖南小溪国家级自然保护区生态旅游资源的SWOT分析

对湖南小溪国家级自然保护区进行了生态旅游资源的SWOT分析,其优势是:良好的原始次森林和高品位的自然资源、森林浴的理想场所、优秀独特的人文资源、丰富的植物基因库存.但是可进入性差、知名度低、接待设施及能力较差.周边存在张家界国家森林公园和栖凤湖风景区的竞争威胁.分析了发展机会.     

运筹帷幄的决策工具——运筹学

运筹学是关于做决定的科学,运筹学集数学和其他科学方法为一体,对现实问题进行模型化并提出解决方案,把它科学地应用到各企业管理中,可有效地帮助企业做出合理的决策.     

常用软件绘制使用林地可行性报告附图方法的比较

使用林地可行性报告的附图是林业专题图类型之一。该类图纸是项目成果重要的组成部分,对文字内容具有补充和说明等作用。本文以一个简单的实例,比较了几类常用软件绘制专题图的各自特点,并简介了综合使用的方法。     

江苏某地区稻虾蟹综合种养模式下养殖水和产品中农药残留与风险评价

为掌握江苏省某地区稻田综合种养基地内（“稻-蟹”及“稻-虾”）养殖水环境及水产品中的农药残留特征与生态风险及健康风险,利用三重四极杆气质联用仪（GC-MS/MS）,选择6个养殖区,根据生长周期,跟踪监测养殖水环境及同期水产品（虾、蟹）中208种农药残留情况,并根据商值法对养殖水环境进行生态风险评价,利用食用安全风险指数对水产品进行食用安全分析。结果表明：综合种养模式下,水环境中检出农药的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂等,平均质量分数为0.33 μg·L^-1,同时有少量杀虫剂、杀螨剂、增效剂有检出;在整个生长周期内,稻虾、稻蟹农药残留的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂,平均质量分数为6.1 μg·kg^-1 （以湿质量计）。养殖水环境中农药主要来源于养殖前期环境中残留或外源性污染,随着养殖时间延长,农药含量整体趋向于减少,通过对养殖水环境生态风险进行分析,发现各抽样点位联合风险商值（RQ）均在0~1之间,属于中风险,对环境仍具有一定的压力,除草剂等类型农药应引起重视;在监测周期内,水产品中大部分农药的残留量逐渐减少直至未检出,仅有部分点位杀菌剂有少量存在,通过对同期虾、蟹的健康风险进行分析发现,平均食品安全指数远小于1,农药残留的食品安全风险可以接受。     

长期不同施氮量下黑土团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量的变化

为测定不同氮肥施用量对黑土团聚体组成及稳定性、有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳分布的影响,阐明黑土有机碳稳定性对不同施氮水平的响应机制,本研究在吉林省梨树县不同施氮水平长期定位试验田进行取样,以施氮水平不同设置5个处理,分别为T1(0)、T2(160 kg·hm^-2)、T3(240 kg·hm^-2)、T4(280 kg·hm^-2)、T5(320 kg·hm^-2),分析长期不同施氮量下水稳性团聚体组成、团聚体结构特征、土壤总有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳分布的变化,探究酸化黑土有机碳含量影响特征。结果表明：随氮肥施用水平的升高,土壤碱解氮(AN)和全氮(TN)含量先增后减,T3处理含量最高,AN和TN分别比T1处理高24.90%、10.28%;土壤速效磷(AP)的含量呈下降趋势。随氮肥用量的提高,土壤团聚体呈现大粒径团聚体向小粒径团聚体转变的趋势,>2 mm粒径团聚体下降14.55%。土壤有机碳总量随施氮水平的提高呈先增后减的趋势,施氮量为280 kg·hm^-2有机碳含量最高;>2...