一种新型集蔗器的结构设计及其有限元分析

集蔗器是甘蔗收割机中用来收集甘蔗的装置。通过总结前人所设计的集蔗器的优缺点,提出了一种新型集蔗机构—挡板式斜集集蔗器,并进行了结构设计、参数计算和三维建模;最后,为了验证所设计的集蔗器转轴的尺寸的合理性,通过有限元分析了软件ANSYS分析它在受外力情况下的变形情况和整体的应力分布情况。     

畦田灌溉水流演进计算简化模型研究

在对水量平衡模型进行修改的基础上,结合零惯量运动方程,以水量平衡方程为基础,对畦灌水流演进模型的结构进行了研究。应用无因次系统模型,求得了模型的显式和隐式解。该模型可以用来计算畦灌水流演进距离。对山东省陈垓引黄灌区畦灌水流演进计算结果表明,该模型比以往使用的模型简单,计算精度与较复杂的零惯量模型的计算精度相当。模型计算不需编程,可以用手算完成全部计算过程,解决了传统的水量平衡模型无法解决的问题。     

水分胁迫下玉米叶片中一氧化氮与钙和钙调素的相互作用

以玉米(Zea mays L.)为材料,研究水分胁迫下玉米叶片中NO与Ca2+和钙调素(CaM)含量之间的关系。结果显示:Ca2+鳌合剂、Ca2+通道阻塞剂和CaM拮抗剂预处理均抑制了水分胁迫诱导的NO产生和一氧化氮合酶(nitric ox-idesynthase,NOS)活性的提高,同时也能抑制水分胁迫诱导的叶片线粒体NO产生,而对叶绿体NO产生并没有影响;NO清除剂羟基2苯基4,4,5,5四咪唑1羟基3氧化物(2-4-carboxypheny l-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide,c-PTIO)能抑制水分胁迫条件下Ca2+和CaM的产生以及CaM1基因表达,但对水分胁迫最初诱导的玉米叶片叶肉细胞原生质体Ca2+和玉米叶片中CaM1基因表达以及CaM含量增加没有影响。上述结果表明:水分胁迫下NO和Ca2+/CaM之间存在相互作用。     

Effect of Phosphorus in Alleviation of Adverse Impacts of Salinity on Wheat Grown on Different Soils

Fertilization management is an important technique to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of inorganic phosphorus (P) and organic P sources on wheat grown under salt stress in three soil types deficient in available P. Wheat (Triticum asetivum L. cv. Shakha 93) was grown on alluvial, sandy, and calcareous soils under salinity levels of 4, 8, and 12 dS m^?1 of saturated paste extract (EC_e) and supplied with constant rate of 30 mg P₂O₅ kg soil^?1 as superphosphate (SP), cattle manure (CM), and 1:1 mixture of SP and CM. The results revealed that plants grown on the sandy soil were more susceptible to the adverse effects of salinity compared with those planted on the alluvial one, especially at zero P. Plants grown on the calcareous soil were moderately affected. Varying soil type caused significant differences in the aboveground biomass and uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), P, and zinc (Zn). It was obvious that P ameliorated wheat growth under salt stress, and this role was greater under moderate and high salinity. The increases in N, P, K, and Zn uptake appeared driven by P application were more conspicuous in the sandy and calcareous soils. Results also indicated that combined application of inorganic and organic P sources surpassed both when applied solely under all soil types and salinity levels.     

复合农林业模式是我省西部实现跨越发展的必然选择

本文针对吉林省西部面临的生态与经济问题，以生态经济理论为指导，对复合农林业概念、主要模式、发展前景进行了论述，提出复合农林业是实现吉林省西部跨越式发展的理想模式，并结合本省实际提出了有关对策和建议。     

石头河水库灌区灌排信息管理决策支持系统

应用决策支持系统的原理,开发研制了陕西省石头河水库灌区灌排信息管理决策支持系统。该系统集成了数据采集与传输、数据库管理、水文预报、用水计划编制、兴利调度计划编制、系统维护6个子系统,于2002年石头河水库调度得到应用,编制了该水库年度供水计划、水库兴利调度计划和水库优化调度方案。     

控释肥残膜对土壤性质和作物生长的影响

通过室内残膜强化试验，研究了控释肥残膜对土壤性质及作物生长（以花生为例）的影响。结果表明，土壤中残膜含量在0.008范围内，控释肥残膜可明显降低土壤的透水性，提高土壤的田间持水量和保水性，随膜含量的增加，当达到0.010时，土壤的田间持水量却明显降低，透水明显加快，土壤保水性也随之降低。另外随土壤中膜含量的增加，土壤容重降低，土壤比重变化不大，土壤孔隙度明显增加。强化试验结果进一步表明，在一定的土壤残膜含量范围内，随膜含量的增加，花生生长也呈增加趋势，其中最适宜花生生长的土壤膜含量范围为0.00426－0.00574。控释肥残膜在一定范围内对土壤和作物是有益的。     

Discussion about Saving Energy in Refrigeratory

Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades.     

歙县枇杷产业化的发展与对策

主要介绍了枇杷的生物学特性和营养价值、药用价值,在分析了歙县枇杷生产现状的基础上,指出了歙县枇杷产业化发展存在的问题,并提出了发展枇杷产业需要通过采取适度规模化生产、合理品种组成、加强产后服务、实现产品深加工和综合利用等对策。     

长江流域生态修复工程的意义及对策

长江流域幅员辽阔 ,自然条件优越 ,水土保持生态建设已引起全社会各界的高度重视。充分发挥生态的修复能力 ,大面积迅速恢复植被和改善生态系统 ,正是顺应时代要求 ,从根本上解决长江流域水土流失防治步伐缓慢这一重大问题的最为有效途径。长江流域大部分地区雨量充沛 ,气候温和 ,植被类型繁多 ,大部分地区植物可全年生长 ,十分有利于植物的繁衍和生态的自我修复。多年的实践表明 ,发挥生态自我修复能力的主要对策是全面规划 ,采取科学的退耕还林、还草 ,实行封禁治理 ,合理解决好农村燃料、饲料和木材等问题 ,积极营造适应生态修复的外部环境和条件