Synergistic effects of quaternary ammonium compounds and food additive grade calcium hydroxide on microbicidal activities at low temperatures

The microbicidal activities of mixtures of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and food additive grade calcium hydroxide (FdCa(OH)₂) were evaluated in a suspension test at −20°C using an anti-freeze agent (AFA) containing methanol, or at 1°C, with varying contact time, toward avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), fowl adenovirus (FAdV), avian reovirus (ARV), Salmonella Infantis (SI) and Escherichia coli (EC). At −20°C, the mixtures could inactivate AIV and NDV within 30 min, FAdV and ARV within 5 sec, and SI and EC within 3 min, respectively. AFA did not inactivate viruses and bacteria within 30 min and 10 min, respectively. At 1°C, the mixtures inactivated FAdV and ARV within 30 sec, AIV within 10 min, and NDV within 30 min. A mixture of slaked lime (SL) and QAC could inactivate FAdV and ARV within 30 sec, but could not inactivate AIV and NDV even after 60 min at 1°C. SL could not substitute FdCa(OH)₂ in order to exert the synergistic effects with QAC. Thus, QACs microbicidal activities were maintained or enhanced by adding FdCa(OH)₂. It is hence recommended to use QACs with FdCa(OH)₂, especially in the winter season.     

不同铜源及贮存温度对仔猪复合预混合饲料中VA稳定性的影响研究

旨在研究超稳硫酸铜和碱式氯化铜作为铜源,对仔猪复合预混合饲料中VA稳定性的影响,并考查不同贮存温度对仔猪复合预混合饲料中VA稳定性的影响。采用单因子试验设计方法,设2个处理组,即超稳硫酸铜组和碱式氯化铜组。将各组配制好的试验样品平均分为9份,其中,3份置于常温环境,3份置于高温环境,3份置于低温环境。从第0天开始,每隔8 d检测1次所有样品中的VA含量,共检测32 d,计算不同贮存时间仔猪复合预混合饲料中的VA损失率。结果表明：在常温、高温和低温贮存环境中,随着贮存时间的延长,超稳硫酸铜组和碱式氯化铜组的VA损失率均呈升高趋势,并且在各检测时间点,超稳硫酸铜组的VA损失率均极显著低于碱式氯化铜组（P<0.01）;在饲料中铜源相同的情况下,贮存环境温度越高,VA损失率越高;贮存温度对仔猪复合预混合饲料中VA损失率的影响高于铜源对其的影响。综上提示,超稳硫酸铜可降低仔猪复合预混合饲料中VA的损失率,其作用显著优于碱式氯化铜,并且温度对VA稳定性的影响远超铜源对其的影响。     

氢氧化钙与2%尿素复合处理提高小麦秸营养价值的研究

通过化学成分分析、活体外消化率测定和绵羊饲养试验,研究了2%尿素与氢氧化钙复合处理对小麦秸营养价值的影响。结果表明:氢氧化钙大于6%时,氮保留率可达到98%;氢氧化钙为6%时,提高营养价值效果与4%NaOH处理相当;氢氧化钙为4%时,效果与单纯6%尿素处理相当。羊的饲养试验结果显示,2%尿素和6%氢氧化钙复合处理小麦秸效果最好。     

氢氧化铝改性丙烯酸酯乳液胶黏剂及阻燃性能研究

采用机械共混方式获得Al(OH)3改性丙烯酸酯乳液胶黏剂,研究了分散剂种类及用量、增稠剂用量和Al(OH)3用量对胶黏剂基本性能和流体力学性能的影响。结果表明,在分散剂六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)用量为0.35%、增稠剂羟乙基纤维素(HEC)用量为0.20%和阻燃剂Al(OH)3用量为30%时,改性后丙烯酸酯乳液胶黏剂的性能较好,黏度为1 360 m Pa·s,p H值为5.45,贮存30天后稳定性较好,氧指数达到32;流体力学性能研究表明乳液体系为非牛顿假塑性流体弹性体系。阻燃性能研究表明Al(OH)3改性后丙烯酸酯乳液胶黏剂的热释放速率和烟释放量大大降低,CO生成量降低50%以上,引燃时间由60 s延长至77 s,热释放速率峰值由528 k W/m2降为165 k W/m2,燃烧速率为明显减缓(80 s至110 s),质量损失速率明显降低,有较好的阻燃性。     

一例泰乐菌素生产中配料错误的补救

在泰乐菌素生产中,配料人员误将氢氧化钙当作轻质碳酸钙投入培养基中,致使培养基pH值升至9.23、散发恶臭、异味,营养成份也有所破坏,通过消毒前用强酸调节pH、移种后加强工艺控制,使该罐批基本达到正常发酵,取得了较高的生物效价和A组份相对含量。     

X-ray diffraction study of bamboo fibers treated with NaOH

Bamboo fibers are a new kind of natural materials which have a big potential application in textile field due to some of their particular properties. However, high crystallinity and orientation structure can result in some undesirable properties and this will limit their further applications as textile materials. As a common used way, mercerization was adapted to treat bamboo fibers in this work in order to improve their undesirable properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize their microstructure after treatment with NaOH. The amount of cellulose II and the crystallinity index based on the XRD results were calculated for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the different treatment conditions, such as alkali concentration, mercerization duration and temperature, as well as tension applied to the fibers during mercerization, on the transformation degree of cellulose I to cellulose II and decrystallization of the mercerized bamboo fibers. It has been found that each condition has different effects and that the greatest effectiveness of crystal lattice conversion and decrystallization could be achieved with such mercerization condition: 16 % alkali concentration, 10 minutes of mercerization at 20 °C without tension applied to the fibers.     

氢氧化镁在工业废水处理领域的应用研究进展

对以氢氧化镁为代表的镁化合物（氢氧化镁、轻烧氧化镁、氯化镁、海水、卤水、干卤等）在废水处理领域的应用进展进行了全面评述,并展望了其应用前景。针对我国镁资源种类丰富、储量巨大、分布地域广阔、品质优良的特点,大力开展镁产品研发利用,尤其是其精细利用途径的开发,对我国经济的可持续发展具有现实意义。     

不同处理对白刺花种子萌发效果的影响

以白刺花种子为材料,分别采用砂纸摩擦,30％NaOH浸种0．5、1、1．5、2、2．5、3h,90％NaOH浸种5、15、25、35、45、55min,98％浓硫酸浸种10、20、30、40、50min对种子进行硬实处理,在室温（25～28℃）下进行发芽试验。结果表明：砂擦处理效果最好,发芽率为80％;98％浓硫酸处理...     

室温下鸡蛋涂膜保鲜技术研究

通过对壳聚糖溶液、壳聚糖和氢氧化钙复合溶液、液体石蜡3种保鲜剂在常温下对鸡蛋的保鲜效果进行对比,结果表明：经过35d的储藏时间,发现氢氧化钙与2%壳聚糖溶液复合保鲜剂和液体石蜡保鲜剂的保鲜效果相当,好蛋率、失重率等指标均优于其他处理组;保鲜剂成膜的致密性和阻气性是影响鸡蛋储藏期的关键,而非传统观念上的抑菌性。     

NaOH预处理花生壳厌氧发酵制取沼气的试验研究

为了探索花生壳厌氧发酵制取沼气的产气特性和潜力,利用NaOH在无流动水和常温的条件下,分别用质量分数为2%、4%、6%、8%的NaOH溶液对花生壳进行了碱性化学预处理,在中温（35±1）℃、总固TS质量分数为8%、pH为7.0～7.6条件下,利用自行设计的厌氧发酵实验装置进行批量厌氧消化试验,研究NaOH预处理对花生壳厌氧发酵过程中产气量、pH值和甲烷含量的影响规律。结果表明,4%NaOH预处理下的花生壳的总产气量为28083mL,比不使用NaOH和8%NaOH预处理的总产气量分别高48.91%和35.72%;甲烷含量最高超过60%,且平均甲烷含量高于不处理、2%和8%NaOH预处理;pH初期波动,13d后基本稳定在7.2左右。4%NaOH预处理下的TS产气率、VS产气率以及甲烷含量和不处理以及8%NaOH预处理下的差异性显著（P〈0.05）,和其他两组试验之间的差异不显著（P〉0.05）,表明4%NaOH预处理是较优的工艺条件。