禽霍乱蜂胶与氢氧化铝胶灭活疫苗免疫效果比较试验

利用蜂胶作为佐剂制成禽霍乱蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗,将其与同批菌液制成的禽霍乱氢氧化铝胶灭活疫苗进行免疫效果比较试验,结果显示,用蜂胶佐剂制成的禽霍乱灭活疫苗免疫效果优于禽霍乱氢氧化铝胶灭活疫苗。     

微胶囊红磷在木塑复合材料中的阻燃研究

以红磷为囊心,氢氧化镁为囊材,通过沉淀法制备氢氧化镁包覆红磷。采用XPS、SEM、TEM、TGA等对其进行表征。经测定,当微胶囊红磷中氢氧化镁含量为30%时,包覆率达到85.5%。同时考察了微胶囊红磷对木塑复合材料阻燃性能的影响。当微胶囊红磷的添加量为8%时,木塑复合材料的垂直燃烧性能达到UL94Ⅴ-0级,其氧指数(LOI)从23提高至28,这表明氢氧化镁与红磷发挥了很好的阻燃作用,并具有明显的协同效应。     

Autopsy results of a case of ingestion of sodium hydroxide solution

Sodium hydroxide is a strongly corrosive alkali. We describe herein a case of suicide by ingestion of sodium hydroxide. A man in his 80s was found dead with a mug and a bottle of caustic soda. Macroscopically, liquefaction and/or disappearance of esophagus, trachea and lung tissue and a grayish discoloration of the mucosa of the stomach were seen along with blackish brown coloration of the skin, mouth, and oral cavity. The contents of the gastrointestinal tract showed a pH level of 7–8 on pH indicator strips. Histopathologically, liquefactive necrosis of remnant lung tissue and the stomach were seen. As biological reactions such as vasodilatation and inflammation were not detected in these organs, only a short number of hours must have passed between ingestion and death. This human case provides valuable information concerning the direct irritation induced by systemic exposure to corrosive substances.     

水热碳化制备榴莲壳复合焦及其电化学性能

为研究水热碳化处理对榴莲壳复合改性焦性能的影响,将榴莲壳原料及250℃、10 h制备的水热焦分别与层状氢氧化镁铝(Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide,MgAl-LDH)复合,获得榴莲壳与MgAl-LDH复合焦MgAl-LDH@DP和榴莲壳水热焦与MgAl-LDH复合焦MgAl-LDH@HC,分...     

三环锡防治红蜘蛛药效评价

三环锡对棉红蛛蜘的成螨、若螨和幼螨都有很好的毒效.在低剂量下,杀卵活性低,但是通过残留接触可有效地杀死新孵化的幼螨.20%三环锡稀释2000倍在果园中喷雾,可有效地防治山楂红蜘蛛、苹果红蜘蛛和柑桔红蜘蛛,而且有很好的残留效果,用药后30天,持续效果仍达90%以上.     

李的裂果机制及防止措施

 研究李果皮组织细胞生长以及水分和可溶性固形物( TSS) 与裂果发生的关系, 对裂果发生的组织解剖特点进行了观察, 探索了喷施硼砂溶液、氢氧化钙溶液以及搭建塑料大棚等措施防止裂果发生的效果。研究结果如下: 1. 解剖学观察和显微测量表明, 绥李3号果实开裂的直接原因为果实外皮层与内部薄壁组织细胞生长不协调所致。与吉林6号和绥棱红相比, 绥李3号果实在快速生长期内部薄壁组织细胞生长速率显著过大( P < 0.05) , 而表皮细胞生长缓慢或停止。加之其表面纹饰空隙较大容易形成潜在突破口, 这样内外相互作用致使果实开裂。2. 裂果的可溶性固形物含量显著高于正常果( P < 0.05) 。3. 喷施硼砂可以减轻裂果, 但喷施氢氧化钙溶液无明显效果。4. 果实临近成熟时(8月初) , 土壤含水量与裂果程度呈正相关( P < 0.05) ; 搭建塑料大棚并在周围挖排水渠可以有效地减少绥李3号果实开裂, 说明水分是影响绥李3号裂果的主要驱动因子。     

NaOH处理玉米秸秆厌氧生物气化试验研究

提出通过NaOH化学处理以改善玉米秸秆的可生物消化性能、提高玉米秸秆厌氧消化产气量的方法。NaOH添加量为玉米秸秆干物质的8%。对未处理和经NaOH处理的玉米秸秆进行了厌氧消化对比试验研究,厌氧消化负荷率为35,50,65和80 g/L。分析并比较了两者在不同负荷率下的日产气量、累积产气量、单位TS和VS产气量等。结果显示,与未处理玉米秸相比,NaOH处理过的玉米秸的干物质消化率和产气量明显提高,在35,50,65,80 g/L负荷率下,产气量分别提高了13.1%,39.8%,48.3%和47.8%,单位TS、VS的产气率分别提高了13.1%～48.3%、23%～61.3%;两种玉米秸分别在35和65 g/L负荷率下获得了最高单位TS产气量。NaOH化学处理使玉米秸细胞壁结构和化学成分发生了明显的变化,分别有53.2%、46.9%和66.6%的木质素、纤维素和半纤维素被分解,其中1/2～2/3被转化成了易被厌氧菌利用的可溶性物质,这是产气量提高的主要原因之一。研究结果对提高玉米秸的产气效率、实现大规模应用具有重要指导意义。     

Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)在不同吸附剂上的吸附特征

以氢氧化铁、氢氧化铝、高岭土和蛭石4种材料为吸附剂,探究Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附效果,以类比土壤中主要矿物对Sb的吸附作用并进行对比。研究内容包括吸附动力学试验、等温吸附试验及不同背景溶液pH变化下的吸附解吸效应。结果表明:4种吸附剂对Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附在振荡24 h后逐渐趋于平稳,蛭石和氢氧化铁对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附量在6 h达到峰值后出现下降,如氢氧化铁在6 h时对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附量为23.19μg/g,72 h后降为19.75μg/g,并测定出该悬浮液中Sb(Ⅴ)浓度上升。用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型对两种价态Sb的等温吸附曲线进行拟合,两种模型拟合优度均在0.7以上。蛭石和氢氧化铁对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附效果好于另两种吸附剂,而蛭石对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附能力较弱;氢氧化铁和氢氧化铝对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附效果较好,而氢氧化铝对Sb(Ⅲ)吸附效果不理想。随着pH的增加,Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附出现明显下降,并且解吸率增加,表现出pH对吸附的显著影响,如高岭土对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附量由平衡液pH为4.82时的10.12μg/g增加到pH为2.12时的37.89μg/g。     

Ba(OH)2催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油

为简化酯交换法制备生物柴油工艺过程,实现生物柴油绿色生产.采用正交试验的方法研究了Ba(OH)2催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油过程中油醇摩尔比、Ba(OH)2用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对生物柴油转化率的影响,并将Ba(OH)2与KOH的催化效果进行了简单比较.实验结果显示:最佳的工艺条件为油醇摩尔比1:6、Ba(OH)2用量2%、反应温度60℃.在此条件下以大豆油为原料90 min生物柴油转化率达到94.27%,花生油、亚麻油、菜籽油等相应转化率均超过95%,同时对比实验证明Ba(OH)2与KOH具有同样高的催化活性,反应产物成分相同,且Ba(OH)2可通过BaSO4沉淀的形式简单、完全回收.Ba(OH)2可作为一种有潜力的生物柴油制备催化剂.     

Stabilization of chromium(VI) by hydroxysulfate green rust in chromium(VI)-contaminated soils

Chromium (Cr)-contaminated soils pose a great environmental risk, with high solubility and persistent leaching of Cr(VI). In this study, hydroxysulfate green rust (GR_SO4), with the general formula Fe(II)₄Fe(III)₂(OH)₁₂SO₄·8H₂O, was evaluated for its efficiency in Cr(VI) stabilization via Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) in four representative Cr(VI)-spiked soils. The initial concentrations of phosphate buffer-extractable Cr(VI) (Cr(VI)_b) in soils 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 382.4, 575.9, 551.3, and 483.7 mg kg^-1, respectively. Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by structural Fe(II) (Fe(II)_s) in GR_SO4 in all studied soils was fast, wherein the application of GR_SO4 markedly decreased the amount of Cr(VI)_b at the Cr(VI)_b/Fe(II)_s stoichiometric mole ratio of 0.33. The kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction by GR_SO4 could not be determined as this reaction coincided with the release of Cr(VI) from soil during the experiment. The concentration of Cr(VI)_b decreased, as the Cr(VI)_b/Fe(II)_s ratio decreased from 0.46 to 0.20, generally to below 10 mg kg^-1. Back-transformation of the generated Cr(III) was examined in the presence of manganese oxide birnessite at the birnessite/initial Cr(III) mole ratio of 4.5. The results of batch tests showed that only 5.2% of the initial Cr(III) was converted to Cr(VI) after two months, while under field capacity moisture conditions, less than 0.05% of the initial Cr(III) was oxidized to Cr(VI) after six months. The results illustrated that remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soils would be fast, successful, and irreversible with an appropriate quantity of fresh GR_SO4.