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61.
From regionally predictable to locally complex population structure in a freshwater top predator: river systems are not always the unit of connectivity in Northern Pike Esox lucius 下载免费PDF全文
Dorte Bekkevold Lene Jacobsen Jakob Hemmer‐Hansen Søren Berg Christian Skov 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(2):305-316
Contemporary genetic diversity is the product of both historical and contemporary forces, such as climatic and geological processes affecting range distribution and continuously moulded by evolutionary forces selection, gene flow and genetic drift. Predatory freshwater fishes, such as Northern Pike Esox lucius, commonly exhibit small population sizes, and several local populations are considered endangered. Pike inhabit diverse habitat types, including lakes, rivers and brackish marine waters, thus spanning from small isolated patches to large open marine systems. However, pike population structure from local to regional scales is relatively poorly described, in spite of its significance to developing conservation measures. We analysed microsatellite variation in a total of 1185 North European pike from 46 samples collected across both local and regional scales, as well as over time, to address two overarching questions: Is pike population structure associated with local and/or regional connectivity patterns, and which factors likely have the main influence on the contemporary distribution of genetic diversity? To answer this, we combined estimators of population diversity and structure to assess evidence of whether populations within (i) habitats, (ii) drainage systems and (iii) geographical regions are closer related than among these ranges, and whether patterns are temporally stable. Contrasting previous predictions that genetic drift obscures signals of postglacial colonisation history, we identified clear regional differences in population genetic signatures, suggesting a major effect of drainage divides on colonisation history and connectivity. However, several populations deviated from the general pattern, showing that local processes may be complex and need to be examined case‐by‐case. 相似文献
62.
大巴山西段陕西米仓山自然保护区的植被及分布 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了系统掌握陕西米仓山自然保护区植被分布及其特点,合理有效开展资源保护工作。通过调查以及归类分析,建立了陕西米仓山自然保护区自然植被12个植被型37个群系,人工植被3个群系的植被分类系统,并对植被水平及垂直分布进行对比分析,对该区域植被分布所呈现的群落类型多样、自然性和代表性较强、过渡区的特征比较明显、植被在水平和垂直分布上存在一定差异以及植物群落的脆弱性高等特点进行了阐述。 相似文献
63.
在党和政府高度重视都市农业问题研究的同时,越来越多的学者投入到都市农业问题的研究中,学术界对于都市农业问题的研究日益升温。基于CNKI数据库1991~2012年中关于都市农业问题研究的研究文献获得有关数据,从都市农业问题研究的年代分布、研究人员分布、研究机构分布、学术影响力、学科分布5个方面进行探讨。通过数据分析得出:都市农业问题研究的优势资源主要集中在北京和东部沿海发达省市;研究机构主要集中在高等院校;都市农业问题的研究热点主要集中在农业经济研究领域。建议应加大西部地区的资源配置与研究力度,促进西部地区都市农业问题的研究。 相似文献
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为探讨不同放牧强度下一年生植物种群特征及空间分布的变化特点及差异,本研究以内蒙古四子王旗短花针茅荒漠草原一年生植物刺穗藜(Chenopodium aristatum)为对象,分析了围封对照(CK)、轻度放牧(Light grazing)、中度放牧(Moderate grazing)和重度放牧(Heavy grazing)下刺穗藜种群特征(密度、单株重、株高、比叶面积、叶片/茎/根系干物质含量、叶片全碳、氮含量),种群变异性及其空间分布。结果表明:放牧显著影响刺穗藜种群密度(P<0.05),但对其比叶面积、叶片/根系干物质含量及叶片全碳、氮含量无显著影响;总体而言,放牧使刺穗藜种群密度增加,但对其种群性状影响较小;放牧使得刺穗藜种群相对密度增大(P<0.05),并造成其种群变异性降低(P<0.05);对刺穗藜种群空间分布模拟发现,放牧使得刺穗藜种群空间分布均匀,空间异质性降低。在草地利用过程中,一年生植物种群特征及其空间分布可能对群落结构造成影响,对其进行相关研究很有必要。 相似文献
66.
Francesco CARUSO Leigh HICKMOTT Joseph D. WARREN Paolo SEGRE Gustavo CHIANG Paulina BAHAMONDE Sonia ESPAÑOL-JIMÉNEZ Songhai LI Alessandro BOCCONCELLI 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(4):594-611
The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). From 2014 to 2019, during 6 separate research cruises, the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags (DTAGs), generating ≈190 h of data. Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime (day: 32.6 ± 18.7 m; night: 6.2 ± 2.7 m; P < 0.01). During the night, most time was spent close to the surface (86% ± 9.4%; P < 0.01) and at depths of less than 12 m. From 2016 to 2019, active acoustics (scientific echosounders) were used to record prey (euphausiids) density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data. Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day. The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also ≈12 m. In recent decades, northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry. Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region. Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale. 相似文献
67.
苹果目标的准确识别是苹果机械化采摘需要解决的关键问题之一。为此,基于YUV颜色空间模型,提出了一种结合色差分量与高斯自适应拟合算法的苹果目标分割方法。该方法采用首先将苹果目标由RGB颜色空间转换至YUV颜色空间,并利用色差分量V建立果实与背景分割的高斯分布拟合模型,根据拟合结果自动获取分割阈值,以实现自然场景下苹果目标的准确分割。为了验证文中算法的有效性,利用多幅图像进行了试验并与Otsu自适应阈值分割算法进行了比较。试验结果表明,采用文中算法得到的苹果果实的平均检出率达87.08%,识别率领先Otsu算法9.91%。因此,对于着色度较为均匀的苹果目标,采用高斯自适应拟合方法可以有效提高其识别率。 相似文献
68.
X.‐K. Li J.‐Z. Wang C.‐H. Zhang X. Li C.‐H. Tang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):271-278
To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water‐soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207–1989 and 81–369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52 716–136 643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat. 相似文献
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70.
土壤养分空间变异研究是精准农业实施的前提,对提高粮食作物单位面积产量和保护农业生态环境具有重要作用。为掌握陕西渭北旱塬区土壤养分时空变异规律,综合空间自相关和重心模型,分析1980—2007年、2007—2017年白水县耕地土壤有机质(SOM)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的时空变异特征。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤SOM的平均含量分别增加了1.29、3.22 g·kg-1,AP的平均含量分别增加了6.89、24.45 mg·kg-1,仅有AK的平均含量呈现出先减少后增加的趋势。(2)三期耕地土壤养分的变异系数范围为30.2%~90.8%,属于中等变异。1980—2017年,耕地土壤SOM、AP和AK的全局Moran’s I指数均降低,空间结构性减弱,随机因素作用增强。(3)土壤SOM、AP和AK含量均有不同程度的增加,土壤SOM含量总体呈北低南高分布,土壤AP、AK含量分布情况较为一致,呈东高西低。(4)土壤SOM含量重心在东南方向发生偏移,AP、AK含量重心在东北方向发生偏移。土壤养分标准差椭圆空间分布格局同研究区分布方向一致,转角呈现“... 相似文献