产肠毒素大肠杆菌感染IPEC-J2细胞后IL-17细胞因子表达变化及其功能初探

产肠毒素大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic E.coli, ETEC)是引起新生和断奶仔猪腹泻(post-weaning diarrhea, PWD)的最重要的病原之一。ETEC进入肠道后与肠上皮细胞的相互作用既是该细菌致病的前提条件,也是激发宿主免疫反应的基础。本研究旨在分析ETEC感染猪肠上皮细胞后IL-17细胞因子表达变化,同时探索细胞因子在抵抗ETEC感染中的免疫防御机制。本研究采用猪肠上皮细胞系IPEC-J2和产肠毒素大肠杆菌标准株(C83901)为主要研究材料,通过RT-PCR、ELISA、免疫荧光及免疫印迹的方法分析了IL-17细胞因子及肠黏膜免疫防御相关基因在感染前后的变化。同时,进一步研究了IPEC-J2细胞中相关IL-17细胞因子刺激对肠黏膜防御相关基因的调控作用。结果表明,除IL-17D未检测到外,C83901能促进所有IL-17细胞因子mRNA的转录,尤其能显著上调IL-17A、IL-17C在基因和蛋白水平的表达。ETEC感染或者体外添加IL-17A/IL-17C有利于IPEC-J2细胞中黏蛋白(mucin-2)、紧密连接蛋白(claudin-1、 claudin-2)及防御素pBD-2的表达。结果提示,ETEC感染后,肠上皮细胞通过调节IL-17细胞因子的表达进而增强肠黏膜屏障功能以抵抗该细菌的入侵。     

雏鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫后细胞免疫功能的变化

雏鸡用马立克氏病(MD)三价疫苗免疫后,其脾脏和胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应比未免疫健康对照雏鸡和以火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)疫苗免疫的雏鸡显著增强(P<0.05),外周血液T辅助细胞(T_M)和单核细胞数量显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05);雏鸡HVT疫苗免疫后,脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖反应比未免疫健康对照雏鸡显著增强(P<0.05),而胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应虽有增强,外周血液T_M数量虽有增加,但均无统计学显著性差异(P>0.05).     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒免疫生物学最新研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒是对养猪业危害最严重的病原之一,猪和野猪是其唯一的自然宿主,野猪可呈隐性携带传播病毒,在该病流行中的作用需要给予重视。近20 a来,有关免疫方面的研究比较多,尽管疫苗已经应用很多年,但是它却不能提供全面的保护作用。本文着重从病毒受体、抗病毒先天性免疫反应、病毒的免疫调节以及获得性免疫反应的特征与作用等病毒的免疫生物学方面展开讨论,并就未来的研究提出一些建议,希望对推动野猪养殖业的健康发展提供一定的帮助。     

团头鲂对3种致病菌外膜蛋白(OMP)的免疫应答

利用从柱状黄杆菌(Flavobacterium columnare)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)和温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)中提取的外膜蛋白(outer membrane protein,OMP)作为免疫原,注射接种团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)后,通过测定受免鱼的交叉凝集抗体效价、肾脏和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和采用A.hydrophila活菌攻毒方法,比较了3种致病菌OMP对团头鲂的免疫原性。试验结果表明,从3种致病菌中提取的OMP对团头鲂均具有较强的免疫原性,受免鱼的血清中存在对3种致病菌的交叉凝集抗体,与对照鱼相比,肾脏和血液中吞噬细胞对吞噬原的吞噬活性和对A.hy-drophila活菌攻毒的相对免疫保护率(relative percent survival,RPS)明显上升。说明在3种致病菌的OMP上不同程度地存在共同保护性抗原。     

Serological response of guinea pigs to oily and aqueous inactivated vaccines containing a Brazilian isolate of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is widespread in cattle in Brazil and research shows its large antigenic variability. Available vaccines are produced with virus strains isolated in other countries and may not be effective. In this study, inactivated vaccines containing the Brazilian BVDV-Ib IBSP11 isolate were developed and tested on 6 groups of 10 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Animals in groups A and C received an aqueous vaccine (aluminum hydroxide); B and D groups received an oily vaccine (Montanide ISA50); Group E positive-control animals were given an imported commercial vaccine with BVDV-Ia Singer; Group F animals were sham vaccinated (negative control). Groups A, B and E received two doses, and Groups C and D, three, every 21 days. Twelve blood samples were taken, at 21-day intervals over 231 days, and evaluated for antibody titer through virus-neutralization (VN), using a homologous strain (IBSP11), and a heterologous strain (BVDV-Ia NADL). Most animals, 42 days following the first dose, seroconverted to both strains and, after the second dose, there was a significant increase of titers in all groups. The oily formulation induced greater response after the third administration. This increase was not observed with the aqueous vaccines, regardless of the virus used in the VN. Antibody decline was more rapid in animals that received aqueous vaccines. The results showed the importance of studying the influence of endemic strains of commercial vaccines, to improve the efficacy of BVD vaccination. Use of the endemic strain in vaccine formulation presented promising results, as well as the use of guinea pigs as a laboratory model.     

RIG-Ⅰ样受体信号传导通路与调控机制研究进展

视黄酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)为RLRs受体家族的成员,是比较关键的细胞质内病原体识别受体,可识别细胞内的单链、双链等RNA病毒成分,被激活的RIG-Ⅰ受体及其CARD在TRIM25的作用下连接泛素链使其寡聚化,通过与线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)相互作用,激活MAVS及下游转录因子IRF3和NF-κB,从而诱导Ⅰ型干扰素和炎性因子的表达,最终介导宿主的抗病毒免疫应答。鉴于RIG-Ⅰ持续激活可导致炎性因子对自身细胞的损伤,因此RIG-Ⅰ样受体信号通路受到宿主严格的调控。而某些病毒为逃避宿主细胞的免疫应答,进化出多种机制靶向调节RIG-Ⅰ及MAVS,从而阻断信号通路。论文从RIG-Ⅰ识别病毒机制、激活下游信号传导、宿主细胞对信号传导途径的调控以及病毒逃避机制等方面重点阐述RIG-Ⅰ所介导的天然免疫反应。     

中华鳖对温和气单胞菌口服微球缓释疫苗的免疫应答

以中华鳖温和气单胞菌 (Aeromonas sobria,As) Z- 1株灭活全菌液 ,采用生物降解性高分子材料制成缓释微球疫苗 ,口服免疫中华鳖 ,测定血清中凝集抗体、血液中白细胞杀菌率以及对活菌攻击的免疫保护率。结果表明 ,中华鳖口服微球疫苗 ,其血清中凝集抗体效价和血液中白细胞杀菌百分率均可达到灭活菌液注射组相当的水平 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;微球疫苗口服组和灭活菌液注射组的免疫保护率分别为 94 .7%和 89.5 % ,两者差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而对照组小鼠 95 %死亡。采用可生物降解微球作为中华鳖气单胞菌口服疫苗的载体系统是可行的。     

Selection on multiple QTL with control of gene diversity and inbreeding for long-term benefit

The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate selection strategies that aim at maximizing long-term genetic response while conserving gene diversity and controlling inbreeding in populations of limited effective size, assuming complete knowledge of all genes affecting a quantitative trait. Three selection strategies were proposed to select on 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and compared with truncation selection on breeding value. Alternative selection strategies aimed at maximizing the average breeding value of parents with a penalty on (1) the number of unfavourable QTL genotypes among parents (OS-I), (2) the negative of the logarithm of the frequency of the favourable allele at each QTL among parents (OS-II), and (3) the average pedigree relationship among parents (OS-III). When all QTL and their effects were known, the strategies examined were able to obtain extra long-term responses, conserve QTL diversity and reduce inbreeding, compared with truncation selection. Strategy OS-II was the most effective in conserving QTL diversity and OS-III in reducing inbreeding. By changing the magnitude of the penalties applied, the impact on long-term response, inbreeding and diversity can be controlled. Extra long-term responses over truncation selection of OS-I and OS-II were even greater when effects of QTL were estimated rather than assumed known, indicating the applicability of results to practical strategies for marker-assisted selection. Extra responses are expected to be reduced for larger population sizes.     

狗牙根种质对冷害的生理反应

对采自佛山市的3个狗牙根材料(狗牙根1号,3号和5号)及杂交狗牙根品种天堂419的抗寒性进行了比较研究,发现田间种植的狗牙根材料在受到2004年12月的寒潮袭击后,相对电导率升高,其中天堂419的升高幅度最大,而狗牙根1号和5号的升高幅度较小;天堂419的光合速率降低最多,而狗牙根5号的光合速率仅轻微降低;叶片的可溶性糖含量均提高,狗牙根5号的根系可溶性糖含量升高,但其他材料的可溶性糖含量降低。在韶光地区霜冻条件下的试验结果表明,狗牙根5号的草坪质量评分最高,绿期最长,表明狗牙根5号的抗寒性较强。     

苜蓿草地土壤呼吸及其对环境响应的研究

采用LI-8100对河北沽源牧场地区3年生苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草地生长季土壤呼吸速率日动态以及季动态进行测定,分析了土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、土壤湿度和大气辐射的相关性。结果表明:苜蓿草地的土壤呼吸日动态呈单峰曲线,各观测日的最小值分别为3.102,2.071,4.655,4.52,3.355μmol·m^-2·s^-1,出现在每天8:00-9:00和18:00-19:00之间,相对应的最大值分别是4.934,3.034,6.948,5.682,4.823μmol·m^-2·s^-1,出现在13:00-16:00之间。土壤呼吸速率日动态与5 cm土壤温度的相关性最大,R2的值为0.2722~0.8214(P<0.05),与10 cm土壤温度有一定的相关性,与20 cm土壤温度相关性不大。土壤呼吸季动态呈不规则单峰曲线,最小值是2.48μmol·m^-2·s^-1,出现在6月26日,最大值是5.79μmol·m^-2·s^-1,出现在7月24日。土壤呼吸季动态与5,10,20 cm深度的土壤温度均无相关性,与5,10,20 cm深度土壤湿度均有极相关关系(P<0.01),与太阳辐射无相关性。