寒旱食用百合种植区地表覆草技术研究

本研究旨在探究寒旱百合种植区地表覆草技术对土壤水热状况、理化性质、百合生长和产量的影响。采用随机区组设计,试验处理为露地（CK）、地表覆草（S）、地膜覆盖（M）,3次重复,共计9个处理。结果表明,百合地表覆草技术可以明显改善土壤水热状况,提高土壤理化性质指标含量,增加百合产量。相对于对照露地处理,表层土壤温度和含水量分别增加了18.86%、16.01%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别提高了75.61%、18.12%,21.04%、10.41%,株高、茎粗、球横径、球纵径、单球重和产量分别增加了8.26%、22.22%、16.55%、23.47%、32.83%、35.07%。综上所述,在寒旱百合种植区,地表覆草技术是一项重要的田间管理措施。     

生物结皮生长发育对黄绵土抗侵蚀性能的影响

[目的] 黄土高原退耕还林(草)工程驱动的生物结皮发育可显著抑制土壤侵蚀,为探明土壤抗侵蚀性能随生物结皮生长发育的变化特征及其响应机制。[方法] 设置藻结皮、藓结皮和自然演替结皮3个处理,培育176天,系统研究生物结皮不同发育阶段及其类型差异对黄绵土抗侵蚀性能的影响。[结果] (1)生物结皮盖度、厚度、生物量、叶绿素和粗糙度随生长时间均显著增加,培育初期藓结皮较高,培育末期自然演替结皮反而最高。(2)随生物结皮发育,土壤黏结力呈幂函数增强,较初期增加39.8%~60.3%;质量损失率呈指数函数减小,较初期降低45.6%~57.3%;饱和导水率变化趋势较为复杂,但培育末期均最低(0.08~0.12 mm/min)。(3)土壤黏结力随生物结皮盖度、厚度、叶绿素、生物量和表面粗糙度的增加呈幂函数增长,质量损失率随生物结皮盖度、厚度、叶绿素、生物量和表面粗糙度的增加呈指数函数下降。(4)土壤抗侵蚀综合指数(C_ser)可表示为盖度(Cov)、厚度(T)和生物量(B)的幂函数(C_ser=0.279 Cov^0.194 T^0.188 B^0.119, R²=0.73, p＜0.05)。[结论] 黄土高原生物结皮发育可显著提高黄绵土抗侵蚀性能,藓结皮效果最强。     

响应面法优化灵芝子实体多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为确定灵芝子实体多糖最佳提取工艺,通过单因素实验研究料液比、提取时间、浸提温度及溶剂提取次数对灵芝子实体多糖提取率的影响。在此单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对灵芝子实体多糖提取工艺进行了优化。实验结果表明,灵芝子实体多糖浸提的最佳提取条件为液固比50:1,提取时间 60min,提取温度100℃,在此条件下灵芝子实体多糖的提取率为2.96%;体外抗氧化测定结果显示,灵芝子实体多糖对 DPPH、OH自由基的 IC50 分别为 0.67mg/mL和0.46 mg/mL,数据表明灵芝子实体多糖具有极强的抗氧化能力。     

大方县不同地层岩性对土壤侵蚀的影响

石漠化的产生是滑坡、崩塌以及强烈的水土流失的结果,土壤侵蚀造成的土壤养分的流失,使土地资源的贫瘠和可利用面积的不断减少,而土壤侵蚀的过程,威胁着人民的生命财产安全和城市的规划建设,所以该区域内的水土流失以及土壤侵蚀的发生,不仅对社会经济的发展产生了制约和影响,而且还严重影响农业资源的发展。本文通过不同地层地层、岩性对土壤侵蚀空间分布的影响可以掌握土壤侵蚀形成的机制,不同区域侵蚀强度等级的地层岩性分布情况找出治理侵蚀的对策,掌握不同地层岩性下土壤侵蚀治理对策,使农业资源得以保护。本研究应用Arcgis、ENVI、SPSS等一系列软件,从宏观角度分析土壤侵蚀强度与不同地层岩性之间的相关关系,揭示土壤侵蚀与地层岩性分布存在一定关系,以期为大方县乃至毕节市土壤侵蚀现状研究做铺垫,为农业资源的保护、土地资源的开发利用提供有力的依据,也为贵州省水土流失治理开发及农业现代化高质量发展提供科学的指导。     

易涝易渍农田地下水动态特征

地下水动态是评价易涝易渍农田生产稳定性的重要指标,基于湖北四湖流域大量调查观测资料对此进行了研究。结果表明,易涝易渍农田地下水位存在明显的年、季差异,呈现出一定的波动性,在不同季节以及不同水平年间波动幅度不大,绝对偏差一般只有1 0~2 0 cm左右,最大不超过4 0 cm,地下水位呈现出在高水位上波动的特点;从微地形地貌看,沿江地势较高的农田其地下水平均埋深和地下水位波动与地势低洼的滨湖农田明显不同,前者明显大于后者。在较大尺度上当降水很接近时,农田地下水埋深随微地貌分异并不显著;对于水网密织的南方平原湖区,农田地下水位变化与周边水体相联系并受其影响,在农田涝渍防治中必须处理好农田与周边水体的关系。     

鄱阳湖区大水面综合开发效益的实证分析与对策建议--以余干县为例

如何合理开发利用丰富的湖面资源,振兴农村经济,改变贫穷落后的滨湖农村面貌,同时使生态环境不逍受新的破坏,是关系到鄱阳湖滨湖地区农村社会和经济健康发展的重要问题。1989年余干县委、县政府提出“立足生态,着眼经济,全面开发,综合利用”的水产资源开发方针,通过统筹规划,合理布局,因地制宜地建立了综合开发湖面和水产资源的生态养殖模式,十多年来取得了较显著的社会经济效益。     

钢支撑代替混凝土支撑可行性分析

在地铁深基坑施工中，围护结构对基坑的安全起着至关重要的作用。本文依据合肥地铁一号线明光路站，施工过程中，由于车站3号出入口为出土口，原计划的第一道钢筋混凝土支撑无法实现，更改为钢支撑，通过有限元分析软件MIDAS-GTS\NX，建立二维模型进行数值模拟，对围护结构的变形和地表沉降进行分析，结果表明：第一道支撑采用钢支撑代替钢筋混凝土支撑对围护结构的侧移值影响不大，钢筋混凝土支撑控制地表沉降的效果要比钢支撑好，对今后类似工程变更提供依据。     

木工平刨床安全事故浅析

以木工平刨伤手为顶上事件,利用事故树法进行评价,提出有针对性的预防措施,对安全生产可起到积极的作用。     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.     

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.