Differential levels of antioxidants in paraquat-resistant and -susceptible Erigeron canadensis biotypes in Korea

To characterize the biochemical differences in paraquat-resistant and -susceptible biotypes of Erigeron canadensis L. collected from Korea, we investigated the constitutive levels of various antioxidants such as antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants in leaves, as well as after paraquat treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase were higher in the paraquat-resistant biotype than in the paraquat-susceptible biotype. Reduced ascorbic acid content was higher in the resistant biotype, but the content of reduced glutathione was higher in the susceptible biotype. These results indicate that one of the paraquat-resistant mechanisms in E. canadensis in the present study might be related to protecting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase, as well as the contents of low molecular weight antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione.     

盐胁迫对棉花幼苗子叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响

棉花幼苗子叶 SOD 活性在细胞内的分布是细胞溶质部分活性最高。其次是线粒体,再次是叶绿体。各细胞器 SOD 活性对盐分的敏感程度不同,依次是叶绿体>线粒体>细胞溶质部分。在盐分胁迫初期,棉花幼苗子叶能够维持较高 SOD 活性,但随着盐胁迫强度的增加,棉花幼苗子叶 SOD 活性下降和膜透性增加,幼苗表现出盐害症状,SOD 活性下降比膜透性增加出现的早。轻度盐分胁迫随时间延长,鲁棉6号的子叶 SOD 活性有一定增加,表明棉花幼苗具有一定的耐盐能力。耐盐性不同的两个品种在 SOD 活性和细胞质膜透性变化上有差异,并对 SOD 作为棉花抗盐碱育种指标进行讨论。     

复合微生态制剂对仔猪SOD活性的影响

为了研究复合微生态制剂对仔猪超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,我们以超氧化物歧化酶活性为指标,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定SOD的活性,结果：复合微生态制刺可使仔猪血清中的SOD活性升高,因此,复合微生态制剂有抗脂质过氧化的作用,对仔猪超氧化物歧化酶活性的改变有保护作用、     

烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间叶片衰老的效应

１９８９～１９９２年田间与盆栽试验，研究烯效唑对小麦成熟期间旗叶及下二叶等三片功能叶衰老的延缓作用和增产效果。研究表明：１．烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间功能叶片的衰老，表现在叶片细胞电解质渗漏率降低，超氧物歧化酶活性增高，丙二醛积累减少；２．烯效唑对离休旗叶片有保绿作用；于小麦齐穗期喷施２０～４０×１０－６，烯效唑药液７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，可提高小麦千粒重３～４ｇ，增产１２％～１６％。     

Induction of the Expressions of Antioxidant Enzymes by Luteinizing Hormone in the Bovine Corpus Luteum

Luteoprotective mechanisms of luteinizing hormone (LH) involved in the maintenance of bovine corpus luteum (CL) function have not been completely clarified. Since antioxidant enzymes are well documented as antiapoptotic factors in the CL of many mammals, we hypothesized that the luteoprotective action of LH is mediated by stimulating the local production and action of antioxidant enzymes. To test the above hypothesis, in the present study, we examined the mechanisms involved in the luteoprotective actions of LH. Cultured bovine luteal cells obtained from the CL at the mid-luteal stage (days 8–12 of the estrous cycle) were treated with LH (10 ng/ml), onapristone (OP; a specific progesterone receptor antagonist, 100 μM) and diethyldithiocarbamate [DETC; an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase (SOD), 100 μM] for 24 h. LH in combination with or without OP significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) and catalase (CATA) and SOD activity. While LH alone significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of SOD containing copper and zinc (Cu,Zn-SOD), OP in combination with or without LH significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD. In addition, Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and CATA mRNA expressions were higher at the mid luteal phase than the other luteal phases. LH in combination with DETC significantly decreased LH-increased cell viability. The overall results suggest that LH increases cell viability by LH-increased antioxidant enzymes, resulting in maintenance of CL function during the luteal phase in cattle.     

松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后湿地松组培苗 PAL、PPO、SOD活性变化研究

为研究抗松针褐斑病菌在湿地松子代组培苗体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性变化与其抗病性的关系,以抗病湿地松瓶内组培苗和温室1年生组培苗针叶为材料,测定PAL、PPO、SOD的活性。结果表明:松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后,湿地松PAL和PPO活性与抗病性成一定正相关关系,SOD活性与植株抗病性在48 168 h内表现有一定的负相关性。     

BDE3胁迫对翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）SOD、MDA和GSH的影响

采用半静态试验方法,研究不同质量浓度的一溴联苯醚（BDE3）（1 μg·L-1、10 μg·L-1和100 μg·L-1）胁迫1 d、3 d、7d和15 d且清洁海水释放3 d和7 d后,翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）外套膜和内脏团超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）质量摩尔浓度和谷胱甘肽（GSH）质量分数的变化规律。结果表明,BDE3胁迫后低浓度组翡翠贻贝两组织SOD活性均受到诱导（P〈0.01）,诱导率随胁迫时间延长而下降,中、高浓度组外套膜对BDE3响应比内脏团灵敏;BDE3对翡翠贻贝外套膜b（MDA）的影响总体呈诱导后抑制趋势,对内脏团b（MDA）的影响表现抑制-诱导反复变化,其中低浓度组第3天时诱导率最高（26.04%）,高浓度组第7天时抑制率最高（14.92%）;翡翠贻贝外套膜w（GSH）在（BDE3）迫下,低浓度组一直被诱导（P〈0.01）,中、高浓度组总体呈诱导后抑制作用,内脏团中高浓度组w（GSH）胁迫第1天受到显著抑制（P〈0.05）,随暴露时间的延长,低浓度组w（GSH）显著增加（P〈0.01）,中、高浓度组出现诱导抑制的不规律变化。释放阶段结束后仅个别浓度组恢复至对照组水平。     

NaCl盐胁迫对锦鸡儿保护酶系的影响

[目的]探索锦鸡儿在盐胁迫下的生化指标。[方法]对锦鸡儿幼苗进行不同浓度的NaCl处理,测定并比较了幼苗体内SOD、CAT和POD活性的变化。[结果]在NaCl胁迫下,锦鸡儿幼苗体内SOD、POD和CAT活性随NaCl浓度的增高均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并可清除幼苗体内的部分活性氧,对幼苗起一定的保护作用。这3种酶活性在NaCl浓度为300mmol／L时均出现峰值,超过这个临界浓度后均显著下降。锦鸡儿幼苗体内活性氧的保护酶体系主要途径是SOD—POD＋CAT。SOD一直保持较高水平,可清除超氧自由基使幼苗初期免受伤害,同时,SOD催化超氧自由基的产物由POD和CAT共同协作来清除,表明3种酶的协同作用增强了植物对逆境的忍耐力。[结论]300mmol／L的NaCl浓度是适宜锦鸡儿生长的临界土壤盐浓度。     

盐胁迫对星星草幼苗保护酶系统的影响

在盐胁迫下,星星草幼苗过氧化氢酶活性随着胁迫时间的延长而增强,并与盐浓度呈显著正相关。超氧化物歧化酶活性随着胁迫浓度的增强而增强,当超过一定浓度(3.0%Na₂CO₃)时则趋减弱,尔后随着胁迫时间的延长而增强。过氧化物酶活性的变化规律与超氧化物歧化酶活性相似,但变化幅度较小。丙二醛含量随着胁迫时间的延长和胁迫强度的增强而增加。