超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对氧化应激IPEC-J2细胞抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在探究在H₂O₂诱导的氧化应激状态下,超氧化物歧化酶模拟物（SODm）对仔猪空肠上皮细胞系（IPEC-J2）的保护作用。利用MTT法筛选出构建氧化应激模型H₂O₂的适宜浓度;将IPEC-J2细胞分别用0、0.05、0.5、5、50、500、2 000 U/mL SODm进行培养,利用MTT法分别在2、4、8、12 h时测定各组细胞存活率,筛选出SODm作用的适宜浓度和时间;根据构建的氧化应激模型和SODm适宜浓度和时间,将IPEC-J2细胞随机分为空白组、模型组、SODm处理组（SODm_0.5、SODm₅、SODm₅₀）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）处理组（SOD_0.5、SOD₅、SOD₅₀）,分别测定各组细胞存活率、活性氧（ROS）含量及细胞内SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。结果表明：①H₂O₂构建细胞氧化应激模型的适宜浓度是1.0 mmol/mL。②当不同浓度SODm分别作用4、8、12 h时,0.5~50 U/mL SODm组细胞存活率显著高于空白组（P<0.05）;且8 h时存活率最高,在12 h时处于下降趋势。③除空白组外,SODm₅和SOD₅预处理的IPEC-J2存活率显著高于其他组（P<0.05）;且SODm和SOD组中细胞ROS含量显著低于模型组（P<0.05）;模型组与空白组相比,均显著降低了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,提高了MDA含量（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,所有SODm和SOD处理组均显著提高了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,降低了MDA含量（P<0.05）,同时SODm₅₀组T-AOC水平显著低于SOD₅₀组（P<0.05）。综上,SODm对H₂O₂诱导氧化损伤状态下IPEC-J2具有保护作用。     

Antioxidant Activity of Pigment Extracted from Green-Wheat-Bran

The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.     

紫苏叶提取物对高脂血症家兔血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

[目的]观察紫苏叶提取物(FPE)对家兔高脂血症的防治作用。[方法]采用高脂饮食,建立家兔高脂血症模型,分别测定正常对照组、高脂模型组、紫苏叶提取物低剂量组(0.17g/kg)、中剂量组(0.5g/kg)、高剂量组(1.5g/kg)血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、MDA含量及SOD的活性。[结果]FPE(0.17g/kg、0.5g/kg、1.5g/kg)组均能显著降低血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA的含量(P<0.01),并能提高血清中HDL-C的含量(P<0.01)和SOD的活性(P<0.05)。[结论]FPE具有一定的调节血脂及抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

铅污染对辣椒幼苗生长及SOD和POD活性的影响

铅污染对辣椒幼苗生长、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性影响的试验结果表明铅毒害可明显降低辣椒种子萌发率、株高和根长,即抑制幼苗生长.铅对SOD活性有抑制作用,其敏感浓度范围是40～80mg@L-1.铅对POD活性也有抑制作用,并表现出抗性活性.     

Growth performance,robustness against stress,serum insulin,IGF‐1 and GLUT4 gene expression of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed diet containing graded levels of creatine

The experimental diets containing five levels of creatine supplementation, namely control (N = 0 g/kg creatine), B1 (1.00 g/kg glycine), B2 (0.40 g/kg creatine), B3 (0.80 g/kg creatine) and B4 (1.20 g/kg creatine) were tested to red tilapia up to apparent satiation 3 times a day for 56 days. After the feeding trial, fish were stressed by air exposure for challenge test against stress. The results described that creatine supplementation improved final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention. Creatine supplementation decreased blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < .05), indicating more effective usage of non‐protein energy. Furthermore, creatine supplementation also increased plasma insulin levels and upregulated IGF‐1 and GLUT4 gene expressions in the liver significantly; it also improved robustness against stress, which was shown by higher superoxide dismutase, higher postchallenge survival and plasma cortisol, malondialdehyde and lower glucose levels. In conclusion, creatine supplementation at a dose of 0.289–0.389 g/kg diet escalated fish growth and improved robustness against stress via improving the SOD activity in red tilapia.     

罗非鱼活性肽分离及抗氧化能力研究

利用正交试验L9(34),以清除超氧自由基能力为指标,分别对木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶水解罗非鱼肉的水解条件进行优化,并对最佳清除率下的两种酶解物进行Sephadex G-50凝胶柱分离,检测了各组分对超氧自由基清除率及活性肽分子量分布情况.结果表明:中性蛋白酶在45 ℃、酶的质量分数2.0%、水解105 min及肉水比1∶3的水解条件下对超氧自由基有较好清除作用;木瓜蛋白酶在60 ℃、酶的质量分数2.0%、时间150 min及肉水比1∶2的水解条件下对超氧自由基有较好清除效果.木瓜蛋白酶酶解物在分子量为660 Da的多肽洗脱峰具有最大超氧自由基清除率,中性蛋白酶酶产物在分子量为1320 Da多肽洗脱峰具有最大超氧自由基清除率.     

高温胁迫对棘胸蛙蝌蚪抗氧化酶活力的影响

实验利用水温从18~30℃骤升和缓升两种模式,高温胁迫处理棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)蝌蚪后,提取其尾部肌肉和内脏团的组织液,进行乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等酶活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量测定。结果表明,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉提取液的LDH活力显著高于内脏团(P0.01);高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团提取液的LDH活力显著提高(P0.01)。高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团的GSH-Px活力均显著降低(P0.01,P0.05),且水温骤升模式下的内脏团GSH-Px活力显著高于缓升模式(P0.01)。在30℃高温胁迫时,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),且水温骤升模式的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均高于缓升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。高温胁迫下CAT活力均显著下降(P0.01),且缓升模式下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪CAT活力显著高于骤升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。在两种升温模式下,高温胁迫对尾部肌肉的AKP活力均无显著影响;而在骤升模式下,高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的AKP活力显著提高(P0.05)。高温胁迫下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团MDA含量均显著升高(P0.01),骤升模式下高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的MDA含量显著高于尾部肌肉(P0.01)。     

高温胁迫对褐牙鲆生长及肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了研究高温对褐牙鲆幼鱼生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响,对其不同温度处理(25、28、30、31、32℃)下的存活、生长、摄食及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力进行比较。结果显示25℃组、28℃组及30℃组的鱼没有死亡,31℃组的成活率为(95%±1.18%),32℃组的成活率仅为(20.83%±2.20%)。各温度处理组的特定生长率(SGR)、摄食率(FR)和饲料转化率(FCE)和水温的平方呈显著的负相关(SGR:R2=0.93;FR:R2=0.90;FCE:R2=0.86;P<0.01),即25～32℃时,特定生长率、摄食率和饲料转化率随温度升高而减小。各处理组的肝脏组织中的SOD及CAT活力随胁迫温度升高而降低。本研究表明32℃是褐牙鲆长期生存的临界上限温度,高温能够显著影响其生长和抗氧化酶的活性。     

Effects of dietary thiamin on the physiological status of the grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus coioides</Emphasis>

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary thiamin on the physiological status of the juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Graded levels of thiamin (0.08, 0.50, 2.12, 3.15, 4.63, 12.37 mg thiamin kg⁻¹ diet) were fed to grouper juveniles (mean weight: 16.97 ± 0.14 g) for 10 weeks. Although fish fed the thiamin-deficient (TD) diet showed no obvious symptoms of thiamin deficiency or increased mortality, those fed the lowest doses of thiamin (0.08 and 0.50 mg thiamin kg⁻¹ diet) had significantly decreased transketolase activity in the liver. In addition, the level of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in fish fed the TD diet was 33–67% higher than that in fish with the thiamin-supplemented diet. There were no significant differences in superoxide dismutase activity between the different groups of fish.