Antioxidant Enzymes in Barley Green Biomass

Green biomass of young barley plants exhibited statistically significant higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) at sampling I (in the phase of plant development DC 29) compared to the later sampling II (DC 31). Significant effects of varieties, years and interactions of the studied factors on the activity of the studied antioxidants were determined. During the experiment period (2005–2007), the variety Sebastian provided statistically significant higher average SOD activity (486 U.g-1) versus the variety Malz (416 U.g-1 dry matter) and line KM1910 (418 U.g-1 dry matter). No statistically significant difference was recorded between the latter two varieties. Average catalase activity of the varieties did not show any significant difference. Significantly higher CAT activity in the sampling I was recorded on average of years and locations in the variety Sebastian and hull-less line KM1910 (935 and 907 U.g-1) compared to the variety Malz (675 U.g-1). We can state that green biomass of young spring barley plants taken during the growth phase DC 29 was a significant source of enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in the course of the experiment (2005–2007).     

Oxidant related biochemical traits are significant indices in triticale grain yield under drought stress condition

Two separate experiments, one as drought stress conditions and the other one as the normal irrigation conditions based on randomized complete block design with three replications were implemented to examine 20 triticale (Triticoseclae wittamack X) genotypes of which 19 genotypes have recently been generated by crossing different parent lines and the other one was Javaniloo, a common cultivar. Based on the results of different statistical techniques and comparing relationships among traits for normal irrigation and stress condition, enzymatic antioxidant could be used as criteria for screening tolerant genotypes of triticale. On the other hand, it is pointed out that superoxide dismutase are the most important criteria to achieve higher tolerant genotypes through indirect selection. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content having high relationship with rain yield are also the different possible criteria for screening triticale genotypes for water stress conditions in which genotypes with lower content of these traits could be screened.     

不同油茶品种叶片3种保护酶活性分析

[目的]测定不同油茶品种健康叶片中的3种保护酶活性,为油茶抗病性、抗逆性机理研究提供参考依据.[方法]采用紫外—可见分光光度计法,测定岑软3号油茶、博白大果油茶、普通油茶、岑软2号油茶、香花油茶和陆川油茶6个油茶品种叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.[结果]6个品种油茶叶片的POD活性排序为普通油茶>(博白大果油茶和岑软3号油茶)>(岑软2号油茶、香花油茶和陆川油茶),CAT活性排序为岑软3号油茶>(普通油茶、博白大果油茶和岑软2号油茶)>(香花油茶和陆川油茶),SOD活性排序为陆川油茶>岑软3号油茶>(博白大果油茶、普通油茶、岑软2号油茶和香花油茶).[结论]以油茶健康叶片中POD、CAT和SOD活性高低可判断油茶的抗病性或抗逆性强弱.     

甜樱桃休眠期枝条SOD·POD酶活性变化研究

[目的]研究甜樱桃枝条休眠期内SOD、POD酶活性的变化规律,探讨其抗寒性。[方法]以4个甜樱桃品种1年生枝条为试材,测定不同时期的SOD、POD酶活性变化。[结果]试验表明,甜樱桃4个品种的SOD、POD酶活性随温度的降低而升高,随气温的回升而降低,1月份达到最高值。4个品种的SOD、POD酶活性均为龙冠较高,显著高于其他3个品种,表现出较强的抗寒性;龙宝、红蜜次之;龙丹的SOD、POD酶活性均低于其他3个品种,抗寒性较弱。[结论]甜樱桃4个品种的抗寒性大小排序为：龙冠〉龙宝〉红蜜〉龙丹。     

沼泽红假单胞菌的抗氧化酶活性和对紫外线的吸收作用

对不同培养方式下沼泽红假单胞菌的5个菌株的菌体的抗氧化酶活性以及培养液的细胞和上清液对紫外线吸收作用进行了研究。结果表明,5个菌株的活细胞CAT活性普遍以好氧黑暗条件下的培养物高于微好氧光照条件下的,SOD活性则以微好氧光照条件下的培养物高于好氧黑暗条件的。5个菌株在好氧黑暗、微好氧光照培养条件下的细胞液和培养液的上清液在紫外线200～300nm波长范围有明显的吸收峰。     

茶多酚和L-EGCG的抗烟致脂质过氧化作用

从茶叶中提取的天然多酚类化合物茶多酚和L-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(L-EGCG)对由香烟气相物质诱发的大鼠肺细胞的脂质过氧化有很强的抑制作用,且复合体茶多酚及其主要单体L-EGCG抑制效果接近,同时两者对超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基都有十分明显的清除作用,表明茶多酚与L-EGCG的抗脂质过氧化机理之一是有效地清除了脂质过氧化的启动子氧自由基.     

6个栽培类型药用菊花超氧化物歧化酶同工酶分析

为了揭示药用菊花6个栽培类型的遗传多样性,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE),对不同栽培类型药菊进行SOD同工酶分析。结果表明,6个栽培类型药菊共得到9条SOD同工酶酶谱,其中4条是各栽培类型在4个时期共有的特征酶谱;各栽培类型药菊的SOD同工酶均在8月份表达量最大,酶带总数最多,其中异种大白菊、大洋菊、小洋菊的酶带总数最多,均有8条,贡菊的酶带总数最少,仅有4条;异种大白菊、大洋菊、小洋菊间的亲缘关系最近,贡菊仅与黄金菊亲缘关系较近。6个栽培类型药菊在不同的生长发育时期SOD同工酶遗传变异丰富。8月份是采集样品分析SOD同工酶的最佳时期。利用SOD同工酶谱特征可以找出各栽培类型药菊间的差异。     

多元醇对油菜衰老的生理调控及增产作用探讨

 研究了不同时期喷施多元醇对甘蓝型油菜的生理效应及增产效果。结果表明：初花期喷施多元醇能显著提高油菜叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率，减少脂质过氧化产物丙二醛积累和乙烯释放量，使叶片超氧物歧化酶与过氧化氢酶活性下降变慢；多元醇能增强油菜根系活力，使植株稳健生长；多元醇还能改善油菜的经济性状，增加有效分枝数和每株角果数，初花期和盛花期喷施多元醇分别增产10.4%和7.2%，对油菜籽的品质无不良影响，对油菜生育期影响不大。     

不同年代小麦品种旗叶光合性能及SOD活性的比较研究

以华北麦区不同年代推广的小麦代表品种为材料,对其旗叶一生中的光合性能及SOD活性的变化做了比较研究,结果表明,当前推广的品种光合性能优于前期品种;在旗叶的衰老进程中,现品种SOD活性的下降幅度小于前期品种,这可能是现品种具有较长光合速率高值持续期,叶源量增大进而产量得以提高的内在生理基础之一。