蝴蝶兰切花花被不同开放阶段酶活性的变化

以蝴蝶兰鲜切花为试材,对切花花被不同生理阶段3种酶活性的变化进行测量分析,以期为蝴蝶兰切花寿命的延长提供参考依据。结果表明:萼片和花瓣中的过氧化物酶(POD)从花苞期到半开期酶活性变化不明显,从半开期到衰老期酶活性显著升高。花瓣中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)从花苞期到半开期酶活性升高,从半开期到衰老期酶活性显著降低;萼片中的超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不显著但也呈先上升后下降趋势。花瓣中的中性蛋白酶(NP)从花苞期到半开期酶活性呈上升趋势,半开期到盛开期呈下降趋势,盛开期到衰老期呈上升趋势;花萼中的中性蛋白酶从花苞期到盛开期酶活性呈下降趋势,从盛开期到衰老期呈上升趋势;总体来看中性蛋白酶的活性呈先下降后上升趋势。     

新杀虫剂HNPC-A9908对蛋白核小球藻生理生化特性的影响

以蛋白核小球藻为材料，采用室内植物生长箱培养方法，研究了HNPC—A9908[O-(3一苯氧苄基)-2-甲硫基-1-(4-氯苯基)丙基酮肟醚]对小球藻细胞的致毒机理。结果表明，低浓度时HNPC—A9908对蛋白核小球藻蛋白质含量具有刺激增加的作用；随着浓度的加大，藻细胞蛋白质含量逐渐降低。同时藻细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性也表现出类似的趋势，说明SOD和POD活性的降低打破了小球藻细胞内活性氧产生与清除之间的正常平衡状态，是HNPC—A9908造成藻细胞活性氧过量产生和积累，进而引起藻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害的主要原因之一     

Pb,Zn对超富集植物(小鳞苔草)抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过人工气候箱盆栽实验,研究Pb,Zn及其复合胁迫对小鳞苔草(Carex gentilisFranch.)根和叶中SOD,POD及CAT活性的影响。结果表明:叶片SOD活性随Pb和Zn浓度增加均呈缓慢上升趋势,根部SOD则表现为有升有降的过程,Pb Zn复合处理可提高根部和叶片SOD活性,最高分别为201.8 U/gFW和233.1U/gFW。根部POD活性随Pb,Zn浓度增加均出现不同程度提高,但叶片POD活性呈有升有降的过程;根部和叶片POD在Pb Zn复合处理中活性增幅明显,最高分别为对照的7.47倍和1.49倍。根部和叶片中CAT在Pb,Zn及其复合处理中活性均受到不同程度的抑制。方差分析显示,Pb对根部3种酶活性影响显著;Zn对叶片POD活性影响显著;Pb Zn互作对植株体内POD和根部SOD影响极显著。经综合分析,小鳞苔草在Pb,Zn及其复合胁迫条件下,SOD和POD起主要作用,并具有耐Pb高浓度胁迫的抗氧化酶活性调控能力,可望在中国西部铅锌复合污染区植物修复中提供一种新资源。     

Carijoside A,a Bioactive Sterol Glycoside from an Octocoral Carijoa sp. (Clavulariidae)

A new bioactive sterol glycoside, 3β-O-(3′,4′-di-O-acetyl-β-d-arabinopyranosyl) -25ξ-cholestane-3β,5α,6β,26-tetrol-26-acetate) (carijoside A, 1), was isolated from an octocoral identified as Carijoa sp. The structure of glycoside 1 was established by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with spectral data for the other known glycosides. Carijoside A (1) displayed significant inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils and this compound exhibited moderate cytotoxicity toward DLD-1, P388D1, HL-60, and CCRF-CEM tumor cells.     

Anti-Inflammatory Cembranoids from a Formosa Soft Coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri

The present investigation on chemical constituents of the soft coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri resulted in the isolation of seven new cembranoids, cherbonolides F–L (1–7). The chemical structures of 1–7 were determined by spectroscopic methods, including infrared, one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS experiments, and a chemical reduction of hydroperoxide by triphenylphosphine. The anti-inflammatory activities of 1–7 against neutrophil proinflammatory responses were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory ability toward N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in primary human neutrophils. The results showed that all isolates exhibited moderate activities, while cherbonolide G (2) and cherbonolide H (3) displayed a more active effect than others on the inhibition of elastase release (48.2% ± 6.2%) and superoxide anion generation (44.5% ± 4.6%) at 30 µM, respectively.     

Effect of Solvent System on Extractability of Lipidic Components of Scenedesmus obliquus (M2-1) and Gloeothece sp. on Antioxidant Scavenging Capacity Thereof

Microalgae are well known for their biotechnological potential, namely with regard to bioactive lipidic components—especially carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), well-known for therapeutic applications based on their antioxidant capacity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of four distinct food-grade solvents upon extractability of specific lipidic components, and on the antioxidant capacity exhibited against both synthetic (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS^+•)) and biological reactive species (O₂^•− and ^•NO⁻). A eukaryotic microalga (Scenedesmus obliquus (M2-1)) and a prokaryotic one (Gloeothece sp.) were used as case studies. Concerning total antioxidant capacity, the hexane:isopropanol (3:2) and acetone extracts of Sc. obliquus (M2-1) were the most effective against DPPH^• and ABTS^+•, respectively. Gloeothece sp. ethanol extracts were the most interesting scavengers of O₂^•−, probably due the high content of linolenic acid. On the other hand, acetone and hexane:isopropanol (3:2) extracts were the most interesting ones in ^•NO⁻ assay. Acetone extract exhibited the best results for the ABTS assay, likely associated to its content of carotenoids, in both microalgae. Otherwise, ethanol stood out in PUFA extraction. Therefore, profiles of lipidic components extracted are critical for evaluating the antioxidant performance—which appears to hinge, in particular, on the balance between carotenoids and PUFAs.     

Effects of Glutamate and Na＋ on the Development and Enzyme Activity of the Oriental Migratory Locust,Locusta migratoria manilensis （Meyen） in Successive Generations

Rapid and mass rearing ofLocusta migratoria manilensis is an urgent need to meet the increasing demand for food of people. In this study, the effects of four artificial feeds on the development, reproduction and the activities of detoxification and protective enzymes of L. migratoria manilensis in three successive generations were investigated. The results showed that sucrose and monosodium glutamate （MSG） significantly increased the net reproductive rate （R0） and the intrinsic growth rate （rm） ofL. migratoria manilensis, but sodium chloride （0.17%） suppressed this increase. Furthermore, the artificial feed with sucrose and monosodium glutamate increased the activities of esterase （EST）, acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, glutathione-S- transferase （GST）, multi-function oxidase （MFO）, phenol oxidase （PO）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD）, but inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）. However, sodium chloride （0.17%） increased the activities of EST, ACHE, CAT and SOD, and inhibited the activities of MFO, GST, PO and POD. Correlation analysis found that the increasing of PO activity and the decreasing of SOD activities were significantly related with the increasing of the intrinsic growth rate （rm）. The above results indicated that sucrose and monosodium glutamate could promote the development and reproduction of L. migratoria manilensis, but Na＋ inhibit such promotion with the concentration above 0.2%. The activities of PO and SOD can be used as biochemical standard to assess the effect of artificial feed.     

Pb对匍匐翦股颖根系超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

通过Pb离子浓度胁迫与处理时间两因素试验方案,利用甲基氮蓝四唑(NBT)光密度测定法测定了匍匐翦股颖(Agrotistolonifera)根系细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SODs)活性,并用统计分析软件SPSS13.0中的GenearLinearModel模块,对试验数据进行了F测验,用LSD法对各水平间进行多重比较检验。结果表明,重金属Pb各处理浓度对SODs的影响均达到极显著水平,处理后SODs水平显著上升,到第4d时达到最高值,处理第3d与第4d之间未达显著水平,第1、2d与第3、4、5d之间达到极显著水平发现低浓度(<2.5mmol·L-1)Pb处理可促使根系细胞积极的防御策略,使细胞SODs水平持续增加;高浓度(>10.0mmol·L-1)处理使SODs活性在早期上升,第4d后SODs开始下降,其主要原因是Pb离子胁迫产生的超量自由基导致酶失活效应所致。     

副溶血弧菌感染日本蟳后对几种免疫活性酶的影响

用副溶血弧菌悬液和生理盐水(对照)注射感染日本蟳,研究其血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,并进行统计学分析。试验结果表明,注射副溶血性弧菌悬液组12、24、48 h后SOD活性均高于对照组,48 h达到最高;122、4 h CAT活性增加明显,24 h达最高;AKP活性5、12、24 h均有增加,高于对照组,24 h最高;ACP活性12 h开始上升,24 h达最高。在人工感染副溶血性弧菌48 h内,日本蟳体内的免疫因子发生明显的变化,血清中SOD、ACP、AKP、CAT活性在不同时间段均有显著升高趋势,高于对照组。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of carotenoids on survival, growth, pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity of characins, Hyphessobrycon callistus

This study aimed to find out if dietary carotenoid (CD) supplement could make differences in survival, growth, pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity of characins Hyphessobrycon callistus, an ornamental fish. Two types of CD and its combination (AX — astaxanthin, BC — β-carotene, MX — 1:1 combination of AX and BC) at three concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) were used resulting in nine pigmented diets. A diet without CD supplement served as control. No differences in growth and survival of the fish among treatments were found after 8 weeks rearing. Disregarding the types of dietary CD, AX dominated (> 98%) the body CD, indicating that this fish converted most dietary BC into body AX for storage. Body AX and BC content increased with increasing dietary CD concentration. Body AX in BC-fed fish was lower than that in both AX- and MX-fed fish. No difference in body AX was found between AX- and MX-fed fish, and in body BC in all pigmented fish. Serum total antioxidant status [TAS], serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidases [GPx]) and serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) were chosen as indices of fish antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activities changed with dietary CD type and concentration. Pigmented fish had lower SOD, GPx and ALT than control fish; dietary CD types only affected SOD and ALT in fish. AX-fed fish had the lowest SOD. Dietary AX had more numbers of negative correlations with antioxidant parameters in fish than BC.